Title 5Government Organization and EmployeesRelease 119-73not60

§8440b Bankruptcy Judges and Magistrate Judges

Title 5 › Part III— EMPLOYEES › Subpart G— Insurance and Annuities › Chapter 84— FEDERAL EMPLOYEES’ RETIREMENT SYSTEM › Subchapter III— THRIFT SAVINGS PLAN › § 8440b

Last updated Apr 3, 2026|Official source

Summary

Bankruptcy judges and magistrate judges who are covered by the bankruptcy judges’ retirement rules can choose to put part of their basic pay into the Thrift Savings Fund. They must make that choice the same way other plan participants do. The amount they put in cannot exceed the maximum percentage allowed for them, and the government will not make matching contributions for these judges. If they retire or leave under the retirement or disability rules, the normal Thrift Savings Plan rules about distributions and treatment at separation apply. If a judge already took money out of their Thrift account and later gets a government annuity, the annuity will be reduced by the portion of that earlier payment that came from government contributions (not the earnings). If that cut would take more than 50% of the first-year annuity, the reduction can be spread over two years. If a judge’s vested account balance is very small (under an amount set by the plan’s Executive Director), the Executive Director must pay it out in one lump sum.

Full Legal Text

Title 5, §8440b

Government Organization and Employees — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)(1)A bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge who is covered by section 377 of title 28 or section 2(c) of the Retirement and Survivors’ Annuities for Bankruptcy Judges and Magistrates Act of 1988 may elect to contribute an amount of such individual’s basic pay to the Thrift Savings Fund.
(2)An election may be made under paragraph (1) as provided under section 8432(b) for individuals subject to this chapter.
(b)(1)Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the provisions of this subchapter and subchapter VII shall apply with respect to bankruptcy judges and magistrate judges who make contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund under subsection (a) of this section.
(2)The amount contributed by a bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge for any pay period shall not exceed the maximum percentage of such bankruptcy judge’s or magistrate judge’s basic pay for such pay period allowable under section 8440f.
(3)No contributions shall be made under section 8432(c) of this title for the benefit of a bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge making contributions under subsection (a) of this section.
(4)(A)section 8433(b) of this title applies to a bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge who elects to make contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund under subsection (a) of this section and who retires entitled to an immediate annuity under section 377 of title 28 (including a disability annuity under subsection (d) of such section) or section 2(c) of the Retirement and Survivors’ Annuities for Bankruptcy Judges and Magistrates Act of 1988.
(B)section 8433(b) of this title applies to any bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge who elects to make contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund under subsection (a) of this section and who retires before attaining age 65 but is entitled, upon attaining age 65, to an annuity under section 377 of title 28 or section 2(c) of the Retirement and Survivors Annuities for Bankruptcy Judges and Magistrates Act of 1988.
(C)section 8433(b) of this title applies to any bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge who elects to make contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund under subsection (a) of this section and who retires before becoming entitled to an immediate annuity, or an annuity upon attaining age 65, under section 377 of title 28 or section 2(c) of the Retirement and Survivors’ Annuities for Bankruptcy Judges and Magistrates Act of 1988.
(5)With respect to bankruptcy judges and magistrate judges to whom this section applies, any of the actions described under paragraph (4)(A), (B), or (C) shall be considered a separation from service for purposes of this subchapter and subchapter VII.
(6)For purposes of this section, the terms “retirement” and “retire” include removal from office under section 377(d) of title 28 on the sole ground of mental or physical disability.
(7)In the case of a bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge who receives a distribution from the Thrift Savings Plan and who later receives an annuity under section 377 of title 28, that annuity shall be offset by an amount equal to the amount of the distribution which represents the Government’s contribution to that person’s Thrift Savings Account, without regard to earnings attributable to that amount. Where such an offset would exceed 50 percent of the annuity to be received in the first year, the offset may be divided equally over the first 2 years in which that person receives the annuity.
(8)Notwithstanding paragraph (4), if any bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge retires under circumstances making such bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge eligible to make an election under subsection (b) of section 8433, and such bankruptcy judge’s or magistrate judge’s nonforfeitable account balance is less than an amount that the Executive Director prescribes by regulation, the Executive Director shall pay the nonforfeitable account balance to the participant in a single payment.

Legislative History

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

References in Text

section 2(c) of the Retirement and Survivors’ Annuities for Bankruptcy Judges and Magistrates Act of 1988, referred to in subsecs. (a)(1) and (b)(4), is section 2(c) of Pub. L. 100–659, which is set out as a note under section 377 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure. Codification Another section 8440b was renumbered section 8440c of this title.

Amendments

2004—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 108–469, § 1(d)(5), substituted “as” for “only during a period”. Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 108–469, § 3(2)(A), substituted “bankruptcy judge’s or magistrate judge’s” for “bankruptcy judge’s or magistrate’s”. Subsec. (b)(4)(B). Pub. L. 108–469, § 3(2)(B), substituted “bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge” for “bankruptcy judge or magistrate”. Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 108–469, § 3(2)(B), substituted “bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge” for “bankruptcy judge or magistrate” in two places. 2000—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 106–554 substituted “the maximum percentage of such bankruptcy judge’s or magistrate’s basic pay for such pay period allowable under section 8440f.” for “5 percent of basic pay for such pay period.” 1996—Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 104–208, § 101(f) [title VI, § 659 [title II, § 205(b)(1)]], inserted “of the distribution” after “equal to the amount” in first sentence. Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 104–208, § 101(f) [title VI, § 659 [title II, § 205(b)(2)(A)]], substituted “less than an amount that the Executive Director prescribes by regulation” for “$3,500 or less”. Pub. L. 104–208, § 101(f) [title VI, § 659 [title II, § 205(b)(2)(B)]], which directed that par. (8) be amended by striking out “unless the bankruptcy judge or magistrate elects, at such time and otherwise in such manner as the Executive Director prescribes, one of the options available under subsection (b)”, was executed by striking out “unless the bankruptcy judge or magistrate elects, at such time and otherwise in such manner as the Executive Director prescribes, one of the options available under such subsection (b)” before period at end, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. 1994—Subsec. (b)(4)(B). Pub. L. 103–226, § 9(f)(1), amended subpar. (B) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (B) read as follows: “section 8433(c) of this title applies to any bankruptcy judge or magistrate who elects to make contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund under subsection (a) of this section and who retires before attaining age 65 but is entitled, upon attaining age 65, to an annuity under section 377 of title 28 or section 2(c) of the Retirement and Survivors’ Annuities for Bankruptcy Judges and Magistrates Act of 1988; except that the period described in paragraph (3) of section 8433(c) commences on or after the date on which payment of the bankruptcy judge’s or magistrate’s annuity under section 377 of title 28 commences.” Subsec. (b)(4)(C). Pub. L. 103–226, § 9(f)(2), substituted “section 8433(b)” for “section 8433(d)”. Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 103–226, § 9(f)(3), substituted “any of the actions described under paragraph (4)(A), (B), or (C) shall be considered” for “retirement under section 377 of title 28 is”. Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 103–226, § 9(f)(5)(B), which directed striking out “and (c), as applicable”, was executed by striking out “or (c), as applicable” before period at end to reflect the probable intent of Congress. Pub. L. 103–226, § 9(f)(5)(A), substituted “Notwithstanding paragraph (4), if any bankruptcy judge or magistrate retires under circumstances making such bankruptcy judge or magistrate eligible to make an election under subsection (b)” for “Notwithstanding subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (4), if any bankruptcy judge or magistrate retires under circumstances making such bankruptcy judge or magistrate eligible to make an election under subsection (b) or (c)”. Pub. L. 103–226, § 9(f)(4), redesignated par. (9) as (8) and struck out former par. (8) which read as follows: “Notwithstanding paragraph (4)(C), if any bankruptcy judge or magistrate who elects to make contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund under subsection (a) retires before becoming entitled to an immediate annuity, or an annuity upon attaining age 65, under section 377 of title 28 or section 2(c) of the Retirement and Survivors’ Annuities for Bankruptcy Judges and Magistrates Act of 1988, and such bankruptcy judge’s or magistrate’s nonforfeitable account balance is $3,500 or less, the Executive Director shall pay the nonforfeitable account balance to the participant in a single payment unless the bankruptcy judge or magistrate elects, at such time and otherwise in such manner as the Executive Director prescribes, to have the nonforfeitable account balance transferred to an eligible retirement plan as provided in section 8433(e).” Subsec. (b)(9). Pub. L. 103–226, § 9(f)(4), redesignated par. (9) as (8). 1990—Pub. L. 101–335, § 9(a), renumbered section 8440a of this title as this section. Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 101–335, § 3(b)(3), redesignated par. (8) as (7) and struck out former par. (7) which read as follows: “Sums contributed pursuant to this section by bankruptcy judges or magistrates, as well as all previous contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund by those bankruptcy judges and magistrates, and earnings attributable to such sums and contributions, may be invested and reinvested only in the Government Securities Investment Fund established under section 8438(b)(1)(A) of this title.” Subsec. (b)(8), (9). Pub. L. 101–335, § 6(b)(3), added pars. (8) and (9). Former par. (8) redesignated (7).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Words “magistrate judge”, “magistrate judges”, and “magistrate judge’s” substituted for “magistrate”, “magistrates”, and “magistrate’s”, respectively, in section catchline and in subsecs. (a)(1) and (b)(1)–(3), (4)(A), (C), (5), (7), and (8), pursuant to section 321 of Pub. L. 101–650, set out as a note under section 631 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Effective Date

of 1996 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 104–208 effective Sept. 30, 1996, and withdrawals and elections as provided under such amendment to be made at earliest practicable date as determined by Executive Director in

Regulations

, see section 101(f) [title VI, § 659 [title II, § 207]] of Pub. L. 104–208, set out as a note under section 5545a of this title.

Effective Date

of 1994 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 103–226 effective Mar. 10, 1995, see section 9(j) of Pub. L. 103–226, set out as a note under section 8351 of this title.

Effective Date

of 1990 AmendmentAmendment by section 3(b)(3) of Pub. L. 101–335 effective as of second election period described in section 8432(b) of this title beginning after
July 17, 1990, or as of such earlier date as Executive Director may by regulation prescribe, see section 3(c) of Pub. L. 101–335, set out as a note under section 8351 of this title. Amendment by section 6(b)(3) of Pub. L. 101–335 effective as of second election period described in section 8432(b) of this title beginning after
July 17, 1990, or such earlier date as Executive Director may by regulation prescribe, and applicable with respect to separations occurring before, on, or after that

Effective Date

, see section 6(c) of Pub. L. 101–335, set out as a note under section 8351 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective Nov. 15, 1988, and applicable to bankruptcy judges and magistrate judges who retire on or after Nov. 15, 1988, with exception for judges and magistrate judges retiring on or after July 31, 1987, see section 9 of Pub. L. 100–659, as amended, set out as a note under section 377 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

5 U.S.C. § 8440b

Title 5Government Organization and Employees

Last Updated

Apr 3, 2026

Release point: 119-73not60