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Singapore

East N Southeast Asia · Singapore · parliamentary republic

What Singapore means for your money — the prices you pay, the tariffs in motion, and where U.S. policy could change both.

Map showing the location of Singapore

$38.2B

U.S. imports, 2025

-11.6%

change in one year

$41.6B

U.S. exports, 2025

6M

Population

$547.4B

GDP

In your house

What you buy that Singapore makes

America bought $38.2B in goods from Singapore in 2025. Of every $100 of it, here's where the money went.

Pharmaceutical preparations

medicines and pharmacy items

$13.5B35.4%

U.s. goods returned, and reimports

$3.7B9.8%

Medicinal equipment

medical devices and equipment

$2.7B7.1%

Other foods

$2.2B5.8%

Finished metal shapes

$2.1B5.4%

Semiconductors

semiconductors and chips

$2.0B5.4%

Industrial machines, other

$1.7B4.4%

Cell phones and other household goods, n.e.c.

cell phones and home electronics

$1.4B3.6%

Chemicals-other, n.e.c.

$777M2%

Computers

laptops, desktops, monitors

$759M2%

2026 so far (through April): $9.5B in imports. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Trade in Goods (customs basis).

The other direction

What America sells to Singapore

$41.6B in 2025 — a trade rupture cuts both ways, for American producers as well as American prices.

Civilian aircraft, engines, equipment, and parts

$6.8B

Industrial machines, other

$3.4B

Nonmonetary gold

$3.0B

Computers

$2.2B

laptops, desktops, monitors

Crude oil

$1.8B

Semiconductors

$1.6B

semiconductors and chips

Telecommunications equipment

$1.5B

phones, routers, networking gear

Minimum value shipments

$1.4B

Computer accessories

$1.4B

keyboards, drives, computer parts

Where you stand

U.S. tariff posture toward Singapore

No U.S. tariff action singles this country out. Its goods face the universal 10% temporary import surcharge under Section 122 of the Trade Act (which replaced the IEEPA reciprocal baseline in February 2026) plus the sectoral Section 232 duties — steel and aluminum at 50% — that apply to all countries. The Section 122 surcharge is statutorily temporary — scheduled to lapse on or about July 23, 2026 (a 150-day cap) unless extended or replaced.

Reciprocal tariff (universal baseline)

10%

The universal 10% floor — a Section 122 import surcharge since February 2026, previously the EO 14257 reciprocal baseline — applies to nearly all U.S. imports. This country has no higher assigned rate of its own.

Policy in motion

Tariff status: a moving target

No U.S. tariff action names Singapore. These are the universal measures — applied to every country without a country-specific arrangement — that set its treatment.

  1. 2026-04-06

    Section 232 metals coverage expanded

    In effect

    The April 2026 proclamation strengthening Section 232 actions on aluminum, steel, and copper expanded derivative-product coverage for all countries, keeping the general metals rate at 50%.

    91 FR 18201
  2. 2026-02-24

    IEEPA reciprocal tariffs terminated — replaced by 10% Section 122 surcharge

    In effect

    Executive Order 14389 (Ending Certain Tariff Actions) terminated the IEEPA tariff duties — including the EO 14257 reciprocal baseline — effective February 24, 2026. A flat 10% Section 122 temporary import surcharge (Proclamation 11012 of February 20, 2026) replaced them, leaving the universal rate unchanged at 10% on a different statutory basis. Section 122 caps such surcharges at 150 days, so this 10% surcharge is scheduled to lapse on or about July 23, 2026 absent further action (the administration has signaled it could raise the rate toward the 15% statutory maximum).

    91 FR 9437
  3. 2025-11-13

    Agricultural products exempted from reciprocal tariffs

    In effect

    Executive Order 14360 of November 14, 2025 removed reciprocal duties from certain agricultural products listed in its annexes (coffee, cocoa, bananas, and other goods the U.S. does not produce in sufficient quantity), retroactive to November 13, 2025 — for all countries subject to the reciprocal tariff.

    90 FR 54091
  4. 2025-06-04

    Section 232 steel and aluminum duties doubled to 50%

    In effect

    The June 3, 2025 proclamation raised Section 232 duties on steel and aluminum articles and derivatives from 25% to 50% for all countries, effective June 4, 2025.

    90 FR 24199
  5. 2025-04-05

    Universal 10% reciprocal baseline takes effect

    In effect

    Executive Order 14257 (signed April 2, 2025) imposed a 10% ad valorem reciprocal duty on imports from all trading partners, effective April 5, 2025. Countries without a higher Annex I rate remain at this baseline.

    Federal Register · 2025-06063
  6. 2025-03-12

    Section 232 steel and aluminum duties set at 25% for all countries

    In effect

    Proclamations of February 10, 2025 terminated all country exemptions and quota arrangements and applied 25% Section 232 duties to steel and aluminum imports from every country, effective March 12, 2025.

    90 FR 9817

Reference

The country itself

East N Southeast Asia · Geography, people, economy, and government — public-domain data from the CIA World Factbook.

A Malay trading port known as Temasek existed on the island of Singapore by the 14th century. The settlement changed hands several times in the ensuing centuries and was eventually burned in the 17th century, falling into obscurity. In 1819, the British founded modern Singapore as a trading colony on the same site and granted it full internal self-government for all matters except defense and foreign affairs in 1959. Singapore joined the Malaysian Federation in 1963 but was ousted two years later and became independent. Singapore subsequently became one of the world's most prosperous countries, with strong international trading links and per capita GDP among the highest globally. The People’s Action Party has won every general election in Singapore since the end of the British colonial era, aided by its success in delivering consistent economic growth, as well as the city-state's fragmented opposition and electoral procedures that strongly favor the ruling party.

Regional map of Singapore

Geography

Location
Southeastern Asia, islands between Malaysia and Indonesia
Area
719 sq km
Climate
tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons - northeastern monsoon (December to March) and southwestern monsoon (June to September); inter-monsoon - frequent afternoon and early evening thunderstorms
Terrain
lowlying, gently undulating central plateau
Natural resources
fish, deepwater ports
Coastline
193 km
Natural hazards
flash floods

People & society

Population
6,080,545 (2025 est.)
Nationality
Singaporean(s)
Ethnic groups
Chinese 74.2%, Malay 13.7%, Indian 8.9%, other 3.2% (2021 est.)
Languages
English (official) 48.3%, Mandarin (official) 29.9%, other Chinese dialects (includes Hokkien, Cantonese, Teochew, Hakka) 8.7%, Malay (official) 9.2%, Tamil (official) 2.5%, other 1.4% (2020 est.)
Religions
Buddhist 31.1%, Christian 18.9%, Muslim 15.6%, Taoist 8.8%, Hindu 5%, other 0.6%, none 20% (2020 est.)
Median age
39.8 years (2025 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
86.7 years (2024 est.)
Literacy
97.7% (2021 est.)

Economy

Economic overview
high-income, service-based economy; global financial hub; business-friendly policies and open to investment and trade; inflation easing but persistent in services; public investments in education, healthcare, and infrastructure; strong human capital development challenged by aging population
Industries
electronics, chemicals, financial services, oil drilling equipment, petroleum refining, biomedical products, scientific instruments, telecommunication equipment, processed food and beverages, ship repair, offshore platform construction, entrepot trade
Agricultural products
chicken, eggs, vegetables, pork, duck, spinach, lettuce, pork offal, cabbages, pork fat (2023)
Exports - partners
Hong Kong 13%, China 11%, USA 10%, Malaysia 9%, S. Korea 6% (2023)
Imports - partners
China 15%, Malaysia 11%, Taiwan 11%, USA 10%, S. Korea 6% (2023)

Government

Government type
parliamentary republic
Capital
Singapore
Independence
9 August 1965 (from Malaysian Federation)
Constitution
several previous; latest adopted 22 December 1965
Executive branch
President THARMAN Shanmugaratnam (since 14 September 2023)
Legislative branch
Parliament

Full reference data

Every field, by section — CIA World Factbook. Open a topic to expand it.

Introduction
Background
A Malay trading port known as Temasek existed on the island of Singapore by the 14th century. The settlement changed hands several times in the ensuing centuries and was eventually burned in the 17th century, falling into obscurity. In 1819, the British founded modern Singapore as a trading colony on the same site and granted it full internal self-government for all matters except defense and foreign affairs in 1959. Singapore joined the Malaysian Federation in 1963 but was ousted two years later and became independent. Singapore subsequently became one of the world's most prosperous countries, with strong international trading links and per capita GDP among the highest globally. The People’s Action Party has won every general election in Singapore since the end of the British colonial era, aided by its success in delivering consistent economic growth, as well as the city-state's fragmented opposition and electoral procedures that strongly favor the ruling party.
Travel Facts
US State Dept Travel Advisory
The US State Department currently recommends US citizens exercise normal precautions in Singapore. https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories.html
Passport/Visa Requirements
For the latest passport and visa requirements for this country, please consult the U.S. State Department’s “Learn About Your Destination” search tool, available through the link below. https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages.html
US Embassy/Consulate
[65] 6476-9100; US Embassy Singapore, 27 Napier Road, Singapore 258508; singaporeusembassy@state.gov; https://sg.usembassy.gov/
Telephone Code
65
Local Emergency Phone
Ambulance: 995; Fire: 995; Police: 999
Vaccinations
The CDC and WHO recommend the following vaccinations for Singapore: hepatitis A, hepatitis B, typhoid, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, rabies, meningitis, polio, measles, mumps and rubella (MMR), Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis), chickenpox, shingles, pneumonia, COVID-19, and influenza. http://www.who.int/
Climate
Tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons - northeastern monsoon (December to March) and southwestern monsoon (June to September); inter-monsoon - frequent afternoon and early evening thunderstorms
Currency (Code)
Singapore dollars (SGD)
Electricity/Voltage/Plug Type(s)
230 V / 50 Hz / plug types(s): G
Major Languages
English, Mandarin, other Chinese dialects, Malay, Tamil
Major Religions
Buddhist, Christian, Muslim, Taoist, Hindu
Time Difference
UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Potable Water
Yes
International Driving Permit
Suggested
Road Driving Side
Left
Tourist Destinations
Marina Bay Sands; Gardens by the Bay; Singapore Botanic Gardens; Singapore Zoo; Orchard Road; Singapore Flyer; Jurong Bird Park; Raffles Hotel; Tooth Relic Temple; National Orchid Gardens
Major Sports
Soccer, badminton, rugby, cricket, swimming, basketball
Cultural Practices
Spitting or littering in public is both frowned upon and illegal. It is common for Singaporeans to reserve their seats in a public setting by placing a packet of tissues or their umbrella on the seat. Punctuality is common and expected.
Tipping Guidelines
Despite restaurants including a service charge, it is standard to tip 10%. Hand wait staff cash directly while thanking them for their service. Round up taxi fares. Tip bellhops 1-2 Singapore dollars per bag.
Souvenirs
Merlion-themed figurines, gold-plated orchid jewelry, Tiger Balm ointment, Peranakan Kebaya sarong garments, five-stones games, dolls in traditional costumes, handmade quilts, silk paintings, liquor, candy and teas
Traditional Cuisine
Hainanese Chicken Rice — boiled chicken tossed in chili-ginger-garlic-soy sauce on high heat and served with rice boiled in coconut milk
CIA source last updated
Wednesday, June 26, 2024
Travel resources

Please visit the following links to find further information about your desired destination.

World Health Organization (WHO) - To learn what vaccines and health precautions to take while visiting your destination.

US State Dept Travel Information - Overall information about foreign travel for US citizens.

To obtain an international driving permit (IDP). Only two organizations in the US issue IDPs: American Automobile Association (AAA) and American Automobile Touring Alliance (AATA)

How to get help in an emergency? Contact the nearest US embassy or consulate, or call one of these numbers: from the US or Canada - 1-888-407-4747 or from Overseas - +1 202-501-4444

Page last updated: Wednesday, June 26, 2024

Geography
Location
Southeastern Asia, islands between Malaysia and Indonesia
Geographic coordinates
1 22 N, 103 48 E
Map references
Southeast Asia
Area - total
719 sq km
Area - land
709.2 sq km
Area - water
10 sq km
Area - comparative
slightly more than 3.5 times the size of Washington, D.C.
Land boundaries - total
0 km
Coastline
193 km
Maritime claims - territorial sea
3 nm
Maritime claims - exclusive fishing zone
within and beyond territorial sea, as defined in treaties and practice
Climate
tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons - northeastern monsoon (December to March) and southwestern monsoon (June to September); inter-monsoon - frequent afternoon and early evening thunderstorms
Terrain
lowlying, gently undulating central plateau
Elevation - highest point
Bukit Timah 166 m
Elevation - lowest point
Singapore Strait 0 m
Natural resources
fish, deepwater ports
Land use - agricultural land
0.9% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 0.8% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0.1% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)
Land use - forest
22% (2023 est.)
Land use - other
77.1% (2023 est.)
Irrigated land
0 sq km (2022)
Population distribution
most of the urbanization is along the southern coast, with relatively dense population clusters found in the central areas
Natural hazards
flash floods
Geography - note
focal point for Southeast Asian sea routes; consists of about 60 islands, the largest of which by far is Pulau Ujong; land reclamation has removed many former islands and created a number of new ones
People and Society
Population - total
6,080,545 (2025 est.)
Population - male
3,040,862
Population - female
3,039,683
Nationality - noun
Singaporean(s)
Nationality - adjective
Singapore
Ethnic groups
Chinese 74.2%, Malay 13.7%, Indian 8.9%, other 3.2% (2021 est.)
Ethnic groups - note
note: data represent population by self-identification; the population is divided into four categories: Chinese, Malay (includes indigenous Malays and Indonesians), Indian (includes Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, or Sri Lankan), and other ethnic groups (includes Eurasians, Caucasians, Japanese, Filipino, Vietnamese)
Languages - Languages
English (official) 48.3%, Mandarin (official) 29.9%, other Chinese dialects (includes Hokkien, Cantonese, Teochew, Hakka) 8.7%, Malay (official) 9.2%, Tamil (official) 2.5%, other 1.4% (2020 est.)
Languages - major-language sample(s)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. (English) 世界概況 – 不可缺少的基本消息來源 (Mandarin)
Languages - note
note: data represent language most frequently spoken at home
Religions
Buddhist 31.1%, Christian 18.9%, Muslim 15.6%, Taoist 8.8%, Hindu 5%, other 0.6%, none 20% (2020 est.)
Age structure - 0-14 years
14.6% (male 455,536/female 424,969)
Age structure - 15-64 years
71.1% (male 2,157,441/female 2,126,799)
Age structure - 65 years and over
14.3% (2024 est.) (male 400,653/female 463,061)
Dependency ratios - total dependency ratio
41.6 (2025 est.)
Dependency ratios - youth dependency ratio
20.5 (2025 est.)
Dependency ratios - elderly dependency ratio
21.2 (2025 est.)
Dependency ratios - potential support ratio
4.7 (2025 est.)
Median age - total
39.8 years (2025 est.)
Median age - male
38 years
Median age - female
40.6 years
Population growth rate
0.85% (2025 est.)
Birth rate
8.77 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
4.38 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Net migration rate
4.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Population distribution
most of the urbanization is along the southern coast, with relatively dense population clusters found in the central areas
Urbanization - urban population
100% of total population (2023)
Urbanization - rate of urbanization
0.74% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas - population
6.081 million SINGAPORE (capital) (2023)
Sex ratio - at birth
1.05 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - 0-14 years
1.07 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - 15-64 years
1.01 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - 65 years and over
0.87 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - total population
1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
30.5 years (2015 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth - note
note: data represents median age
Maternal mortality ratio
6 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Infant mortality rate - total
1.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
Infant mortality rate - male
1.7 deaths/1,000 live births
Infant mortality rate - female
1.4 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population
86.7 years (2024 est.)
Life expectancy at birth - male
84 years
Life expectancy at birth - female
89.5 years
Total fertility rate
1.18 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.58 (2025 est.)
Drinking water source - improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Drinking water source - improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Drinking water source - unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Drinking water source - unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Health expenditure - Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
5.6% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure - Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
18.1% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
2.83 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Hospital bed density
2.6 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Sanitation facility access - improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility access - improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility access - unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility access - unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
6.1% (2016)
Alcohol consumption per capita - total
1.81 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita - beer
1.26 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita - wine
0.27 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita - spirits
0.24 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita - other alcohols
0.04 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Tobacco use - total
16.2% (2025 est.)
Tobacco use - male
27.6% (2025 est.)
Tobacco use - female
3.8% (2025 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
43.8% (2020 est.)
Child marriage - women married by age 15
0% (2023)
Child marriage - women married by age 18
0.1% (2023)
Education expenditure - Education expenditure (% GDP)
2.2% of GDP (2024 est.)
Education expenditure - Education expenditure (% national budget)
12% national budget (2025 est.)
Literacy - total population
97.7% (2021 est.)
Literacy - male
98.9% (2021 est.)
Literacy - female
96.4% (2021 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) - total
17 years (2022 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) - male
17 years (2022 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) - female
17 years (2022 est.)
Government
Country name - conventional long form
Republic of Singapore
Country name - conventional short form
Singapore
Country name - local long form
Republic of Singapore
Country name - local short form
Singapore
Country name - etymology
name derives from the Sanskrit words simha (lion) and pur (city); according to Malayan folklore, an Indian prince visited Singapore in the 7th century and mistook the first animal he saw for a lion, which is not native to the country
Government type
parliamentary republic
Capital - name
Singapore
Capital - geographic coordinates
1 17 N, 103 51 E
Capital - time difference
UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Capital - etymology
name derives from the Sanskrit words simha (lion) and pur (city); according to Malayan folklore, an Indian prince visited Singapore in the 7th century and mistook the first animal he saw for a lion, which is not native to the country
Administrative divisions
no first-order administrative divisions; five community development councils: Central Singapore Development Council, North East Development Council, North West Development Council, South East Development Council, South West Development Council (2019)
Legal system
English common law
Constitution - history
several previous; latest adopted 22 December 1965
Constitution - amendment process
proposed by Parliament; passage requires two-thirds majority vote in the second and third readings by the elected Parliament membership and assent of the president of the republic; passage of amendments affecting sovereignty or control of the Police Force or the Armed Forces requires at least two-thirds majority vote in a referendum
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Citizenship - citizenship by birth
no
Citizenship - citizenship by descent only
at least one parent must be a citizen of Singapore
Citizenship - dual citizenship recognized
no
Citizenship - residency requirement for naturalization
10 years
Suffrage
21 years of age; universal and compulsory
Executive branch - chief of state
President THARMAN Shanmugaratnam (since 14 September 2023)
Executive branch - head of government
Prime Minister Lawrence WONG (since 15 May 2024)
Executive branch - cabinet
Cabinet appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister; responsible to Parliament
Executive branch - election/appointment process
president directly elected by simple-majority popular vote for a 6-year term (no term limits); following legislative elections, the president appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister; deputy prime ministers also appointed by the president
Executive branch - most recent election date
1 September 2023
Executive branch - election results
2023: THARMAN Shanmugaratnam elected president; percent of vote - THARMAN Shanmugaratnam (independent) 70.4%, NG Kok Song (independent) 15.7%, TAN Kin Lian (independent) 13.9% 2017 : HALIMAH Yacob declared president on 13 September 2017, being the only eligible candidate
Executive branch - expected date of next election
2029
Legislative branch - legislature name
Parliament
Legislative branch - legislative structure
unicameral
Legislative branch - number of seats
108 (97 directly elected; 9 appointed)
Legislative branch - electoral system
plurality/majority
Legislative branch - scope of elections
full renewal
Legislative branch - term in office
5 years
Legislative branch - most recent election date
5/3/2025
Legislative branch - parties elected and seats per party
People's Action Party (PAP) (87); Workers' Party (WPS) (12)
Legislative branch - percentage of women in chamber
32.3%
Legislative branch - expected date of next election
May 2030
Judicial branch - highest court(s)
Supreme Court (number of judges varies but includes judicial commissioners, judges of appeal, and international judges); the court is organized into an upper-tier Appeal Court and a lower-tier High Court
Judicial branch - judge selection and term of office
judges appointed by the president from candidates recommended by the prime minister after consultation with the chief justice; judges usually serve until retirement at age 65, but terms can be extended
Judicial branch - subordinate courts
district, magistrates', juvenile, family, community, and coroners' courts; small claims tribunals; employment claims tribunals
Political parties
People's Action Party or PAP Workers' Party or WPS there are 13 additional active political parties in Singapore
Political parties - note
note: the PAP has won every general election since the end of the British colonial era in 1959
Diplomatic representation in the US - chief of mission
Ambassador LUI Tuck Yew (since 30 June 2023)
Diplomatic representation in the US - chancery
3501 International Place NW, Washington, DC 20008
Diplomatic representation in the US - telephone
[1] (202) 537-3100
Diplomatic representation in the US - FAX
[1] (202) 537-0876
Diplomatic representation in the US - email address and website
Diplomatic representation in the US - consulate(s) general
San Francisco
Diplomatic representation in the US - consulate(s)
New York
Diplomatic representation from the US - chief of mission
Ambassador Anjani K. SINHA (since 17 November 2025)
Diplomatic representation from the US - embassy
27 Napier Road, Singapore 258508
Diplomatic representation from the US - mailing address
4280 Singapore Place, Washington DC 20521-4280
Diplomatic representation from the US - telephone
[65] 6476-9100
Diplomatic representation from the US - FAX
[65] 6476-9340
Diplomatic representation from the US - email address and website
International organization participation
ADB, AOSIS, APEC, Arctic Council (observer), ARF, ASEAN, BIS, C, CP, EAS, FAO, FATF, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNOOSA, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Independence
9 August 1965 (from Malaysian Federation)
National holiday
National Day, 9 August (1965)
Flag
description: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; a vertical white crescent is on the left side of the red band, with a circle of five five-pointed white stars to the right of the crescent meaning: red stands for brotherhood and equality, and white for purity and virtue; the waxing crescent moon symbolizes a young nation on the ascendancy; the stars represent the national ideals of democracy, peace, progress, justice, and equality
National symbol(s)
lion, merlion (mythical half-lion, half-fish creature), orchid
National color(s)
red, white
National anthem(s) - title
"Majulah Singapura" (Onward, Singapore)
National anthem(s) - lyrics/music
Zubir SAID
National anthem(s) - history
adopted 1959; the anthem is sung only in Malay; first four lines of the melody are used as a presidential salute
National heritage - total World Heritage Sites
1 (cultural)
National heritage - selected World Heritage Site locales
Singapore Botanic Gardens
Economy
Economic overview
high-income, service-based economy; global financial hub; business-friendly policies and open to investment and trade; inflation easing but persistent in services; public investments in education, healthcare, and infrastructure; strong human capital development challenged by aging population
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) - Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$800.304 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) - Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$766.662 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) - Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$752.948 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) - note
note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP growth rate - Real GDP growth rate 2024
4.4% (2024 est.)
Real GDP growth rate - Real GDP growth rate 2023
1.8% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate - Real GDP growth rate 2022
4.1% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate - note
note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP per capita - Real GDP per capita 2024
$132,600 (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita - Real GDP per capita 2023
$129,600 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita - Real GDP per capita 2022
$133,600 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita - note
note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate)
$547.387 billion (2024 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate) - note
note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
2.4% (2024 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
4.8% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
6.1% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - note
note: annual % change based on consumer prices
GDP - composition, by sector of origin - agriculture
0% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin - industry
21.4% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin - services
73% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin - note
note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
GDP - composition, by end use - household consumption
31.5% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - government consumption
10.6% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - investment in fixed capital
21.9% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - investment in inventories
0.3% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - exports of goods and services
178.8% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - imports of goods and services
-143.6% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - note
note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Agricultural products
chicken, eggs, vegetables, pork, duck, spinach, lettuce, pork offal, cabbages, pork fat (2023)
Agricultural products - note
note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Industries
electronics, chemicals, financial services, oil drilling equipment, petroleum refining, biomedical products, scientific instruments, telecommunication equipment, processed food and beverages, ship repair, offshore platform construction, entrepot trade
Industrial production growth rate
4.2% (2024 est.)
Industrial production growth rate - note
note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Labor force
3.722 million (2024 est.)
Labor force - note
note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Unemployment rate - Unemployment rate 2024
3.2% (2024 est.)
Unemployment rate - Unemployment rate 2023
3.5% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate - Unemployment rate 2022
3.6% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate - note
note: % of labor force seeking employment
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) - total
7.8% (2024 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) - male
5.6% (2024 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) - female
10.8% (2024 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) - note
note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income - Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2016
45.8 (2016)
Average household expenditures - on food
7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Average household expenditures - on alcohol and tobacco
1.7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Remittances - Remittances 2023
0% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances - Remittances 2022
0% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances - Remittances 2021
0% of GDP (2021 est.)
Remittances - note
note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Budget - revenues
$80.836 billion (2022 est.)
Budget - expenditures
$73.144 billion (2022 est.)
Budget - note
note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Public debt - Public debt 2023
175.6% of GDP (2023 est.)
Public debt - note
note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Taxes and other revenues
13.9% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
Taxes and other revenues - note
note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Current account balance - Current account balance 2024
$96.015 billion (2024 est.)
Current account balance - Current account balance 2023
$89.403 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance - Current account balance 2022
$93.771 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance - note
note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports - Exports 2024
$978.597 billion (2024 est.)
Exports - Exports 2023
$917.683 billion (2023 est.)
Exports - Exports 2022
$947.355 billion (2022 est.)
Exports - note
note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
Hong Kong 13%, China 11%, USA 10%, Malaysia 9%, S. Korea 6% (2023)
Exports - partners - note
note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
integrated circuits, refined petroleum, machinery, vaccines, gold (2023)
Exports - commodities - note
note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports - Imports 2024
$786.02 billion (2024 est.)
Imports - Imports 2023
$728.5 billion (2023 est.)
Imports - Imports 2022
$744.364 billion (2022 est.)
Imports - note
note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
China 15%, Malaysia 11%, Taiwan 11%, USA 10%, S. Korea 6% (2023)
Imports - partners - note
note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
integrated circuits, refined petroleum, crude petroleum, gold, gas turbines (2023)
Imports - commodities - note
note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024
$383.946 billion (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
$359.835 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
$296.629 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - note
note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Exchange rates - Currency
Singapore dollars (SGD) per US dollar -
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2024
1.336 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2023
1.343 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2022
1.379 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2021
1.343 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2020
1.38 (2020 est.)
Energy
Electricity access - electrification - total population
100% (2022 est.)
Electricity - installed generating capacity
13.134 million kW (2023 est.)
Electricity - consumption
56.672 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity - transmission/distribution losses
169.447 million kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources - fossil fuels
94.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources - solar
2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources - biomass and waste
3.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Coal - consumption
1.153 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Coal - exports
97 metric tons (2023 est.)
Coal - imports
1.326 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Petroleum - refined petroleum consumption
1.514 million bbl/day (2023 est.)
Natural gas - consumption
13.134 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Natural gas - exports
399.452 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Natural gas - imports
13.973 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy consumption per capita - Total energy consumption per capita 2023
643.259 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Communications
Telephones - fixed lines - total subscriptions
1.912 million (2023 est.)
Telephones - fixed lines - subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
33 (2023 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular - total subscriptions
9.96 million (2024 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular - subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
171 (2024 est.)
Broadcast media
state-controlled broadcast media; 6 domestic TV stations operated by state-owned MediaCorp; broadcasts from Malaysian and Indonesian stations available; satellite dishes banned; multi-channel cable TV services available; 19 domestic radio stations, including 11 for MediaCorp, 5 for state-linked Singapore Press Holdings, 2 for Singapore Armed Forces Reservists Association, and 1 for BBC Radio; Malaysian and Indonesian radio stations available (2019)
Internet country code
.sg
Internet users - percent of population
94% (2023 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions - total
1.57 million (2023 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions - subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
27 (2023 est.)
Transportation
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
9V
Airports
9 (2025)
Heliports
1 (2025)
Merchant marine - total
3,202 (2023)
Merchant marine - by type
bulk carrier 591, container ship 604, general cargo 107, oil tanker 600, other 1,300
Ports - total ports
5 (2024)
Ports - large
2
Ports - medium
1
Ports - small
1
Ports - very small
1
Ports - ports with oil terminals
3
Ports - key ports
Jurong Island, Keppel - (East Singapore), Pulau Bukom, Pulau Sebarok
Military and Security
Military and security forces
Singapore Armed Forces (SAF; aka Singapore Defense Force): Singapore Army, Republic of Singapore Navy, Republic of Singapore Air Force (includes air defense), Digital and Intelligence Service Ministry of Home Affairs: Singapore Police Force (SPF; includes Police Coast Guard and the Gurkha Contingent) (2025)
Military and security forces - note
note 1: the Gurkha Contingent of the Singapore Police Force (GCSPF) is a paramilitary unit for riot control and acts as a rapid reaction force note 2: the Navy includes the multi-agency standing Maritime Security Task Force (MSTF), which assists the Police Coast Guard in conducting maritime security operations
Military expenditures - Military Expenditures 2024
3% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military expenditures - Military Expenditures 2023
3% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military expenditures - Military Expenditures 2022
3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military expenditures - Military Expenditures 2021
3% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military expenditures - Military Expenditures 2020
3% of GDP (2020 est.)
Military and security service personnel strengths
information varies; approximately 55,000 active-duty Armed Forces (40,000 Army; 7,000 Navy; 8,000 Air Force) (2025)
Military and security service personnel strengths - note
note: the Army is comprised mostly of conscripts and reservists with a small core of professional soldiers, while the Air Force and Navy are staffed mainly by professional personnel
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the SAF has a diverse and modern mix of domestically produced and imported Western weapons systems from such suppliers as France, Germany, and the US; Singapore has a small but sophisticated defense industry, which produces armaments such as armored vehicles and naval warships (2025)
Military service age and obligation
18 years of age for voluntary enlistment for men and women (16.5 for early enlistment program with parental consent); 18-21 years of age for compulsory military service for men; 24-month conscript service obligation (2026)
Military service age and obligation - note
note 1: all male Singaporean citizens and permanent residents, unless exempted, are required to enter National Service (NS) upon attaining the age of 18; most NS conscripts serve in the Armed Forces, but some go into the Police Force or Civil Defense Force; conscripts comprise over half of the defense establishment note 2: the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) also has a uniformed volunteer auxiliary branch known as the Volunteer Corps (SAFVC); the SAFVC allows citizens and residents not subject to the National Service obligation, including Singaporean women, first generation permanent residents, and naturalized citizens, to contribute towards Singapore's defense; the volunteers must be 18-45 and physically fit note 3: members of the Gurkha Contingent (GC) of the Singapore Police Force are mostly recruited from a small number of hill tribes in Nepal; the GC was formed in 1949 originally from selected ex-British Army Gurkhas
Military deployments
maintains permanent training detachments of military personnel in Australia, France, and the US (2025)
Military - note
the SAF’s primary responsibility is external defense, particularly maritime security, but it also trains for certain domestic security operations, including joint deterrence patrols with police in instances of heightened terrorism alerts; the Army includes a “people’s defense force,” which is a divisional headquarters responsible for homeland security and counterterrorism; the SAF regularly participates in bilateral and multilateral training exercises Singapore is a member of the Five Powers Defense Arrangements (FPDA), a series of mutual assistance agreements reached in 1971 embracing Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, and the UK; the FPDA commits the members to consult with one another in the event or threat of an armed attack on any of the members and to mutually decide what measures should be taken, jointly or separately; Singapore also has close security ties with the US, including granting the US military access, basing, and overflight privileges the SAF's roots go back to 1854 when the Singapore Volunteer Rifle Corps was formed under colonial rule; the first battalion of regular soldiers, the First Singapore Infantry Regiment, was organized in 1957; the modern SAF was established in 1965 (2025)
Transnational Issues
Refugees and internally displaced persons - stateless persons
1,109 (2024 est.)
Environment
Environmental issues
water pollution; industrial pollution; limited freshwater resources; waste disposal problems from limited land availability; air pollution; deforestation; seasonal smoke/haze from forest fires in Indonesia
International environmental agreements - party to
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
International environmental agreements - signed, but not ratified
none of the selected agreements
Climate
tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons - northeastern monsoon (December to March) and southwestern monsoon (June to September); inter-monsoon - frequent afternoon and early evening thunderstorms
Land use - agricultural land
0.9% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 0.8% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0.1% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)
Land use - forest
22% (2023 est.)
Land use - other
77.1% (2023 est.)
Urbanization - urban population
100% of total population (2023)
Urbanization - rate of urbanization
0.74% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions - total emissions
238.962 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions - from coal and metallurgical coke
2.338 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions - from petroleum and other liquids
210.859 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions - from consumed natural gas
25.765 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
10 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Waste and recycling - municipal solid waste generated annually
1.87 million tons (2024 est.)
Waste and recycling - percent of municipal solid waste recycled
51.7% (2022 est.)
Total water withdrawal - municipal
198.207 million cubic meters (2022)
Total water withdrawal - industrial
162.624 million cubic meters (2022)
Total water withdrawal - agricultural
0 cubic meters (2022)
Total renewable water resources
600 million cubic meters (2022)