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Greece

Europe · Athens · parliamentary republic

What Greece means for your money — the prices you pay, the tariffs in motion, and where U.S. policy could change both.

Map showing the location of Greece

$2.3B

U.S. imports, 2025

+0.6%

change in one year

$2.5B

U.S. exports, 2025

10M

Population

$257.1B

GDP

In your house

What you buy that Greece makes

America bought $2.3B in goods from Greece in 2025. Of every $100 of it, here's where the money went.

Vegetables

vegetables

$268M11.9%

Fruits, frozen juices

fruit and frozen juices

$186M8.3%

Bauxite and aluminum

aluminum for cans and autos

$169M7.5%

U.s. goods returned, and reimports

$139M6.2%

Drilling & oilfield equipment

$118M5.2%

Electric apparatus

$109M4.8%

Other consumer nondurables

$108M4.8%

Stone, sand, cement, etc.

cement, stone, sand

$99M4.4%

Food oils, oilseeds

$83M3.7%

Dairy products and eggs

dairy and eggs

$82M3.6%

2026 so far (through April): $670M in imports. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Trade in Goods (customs basis).

The other direction

What America sells to Greece

$2.5B in 2025 — a trade rupture cuts both ways, for American producers as well as American prices.

Gas-natural

$782M

Copper

$168M

Steelmaking materials

$132M

Measuring, testing, control instruments

$113M

Natural gas liquids

$105M

Plastic materials

$94M

plastics for packaging and goods

Minimum value shipments

$76M

Parts for military-type goods

$67M

Petroleum products, other

$52M

Where you stand

U.S. tariff posture toward Greece

Since February 24, 2026 most EU goods face the universal 10% Section 122 temporary import surcharge, which replaced the framework's 15% all-inclusive IEEPA structure when EO 14389 terminated the reciprocal tariffs. The framework's Section 232 terms persist: EU autos at 15%, and the April 2026 metals expansion expressly preserved the EU's trade-agreement-partner treatment (steel and aluminum otherwise at 50%).

The United States negotiates tariffs with the European Union as a single market — every measure here applies to Greece as an EU member.

Reciprocal tariff (assigned — terminated)

20%

The rate this country was assigned under the EO 14257 reciprocal Annex — no longer in force. The Supreme Court struck down the IEEPA tariffs and they were terminated February 24, 2026 (EO 14389), replaced by a universal ~10% Section 122 surcharge. See the timeline below for the current effective rate.

Section 232 sectors

Autos, Wood

Steel, aluminum, autos, and similar national-security tariffs that name this country.

Policy in motion

Tariff status: a moving target

U.S. tariff policy toward the European Union — and with it Greece — has changed 11 times since 2025. This page tracks it.

  1. 2026-04-06

    EU treatment preserved in expanded metals tariffs

    In effect

    The April 2026 proclamation expanding Section 232 coverage of aluminum, steel, and copper derivatives expressly does not alter or supersede the prior U.S.–EU agreement implementation, and lists the EU among 'Trade Agreement Partners' eligible for its exclusion process.

    91 FR 18201 →

  2. 2026-02-24

    IEEPA reciprocal tariffs terminated — replaced by 10% Section 122

    In effect

    Executive Order 14389 (Ending Certain Tariff Actions) terminated the IEEPA tariff duties — including those under EO 14257, the basis of the EU's 15% all-inclusive structure — effective February 24, 2026. A flat 10% Section 122 temporary import surcharge (Proclamation 11012 of February 20, 2026) replaced them. The framework's Section 232 terms (the 15% EU autos cap, metals carve-outs) rest on separate authority and were expressly unaffected.

    91 FR 9437 →

  3. 2025-09-25

    Framework implemented: preferential treatment for certain EU goods

    In effect

    Acting under the September 8, 2025 procedures order, Commerce and USTR modified the HTSUS to implement the framework — preferential (zero) reciprocal treatment for certain EU goods and a reduction of the Section 232 automobile and parts duty to 15% for EU-origin vehicles.

    90 FR 46136 →

  4. 2025-08-21

    U.S.–EU Framework Agreement joint statement

    Agreement

    The United States and the European Union issued the Joint Statement on a Framework on an Agreement on Reciprocal, Fair, and Balanced Trade: the U.S. committed to the 15% all-inclusive ceiling, zero reciprocal duty on certain products, and a cut of the Section 232 automobile duty to 15%; the EU committed to eliminate tariffs on U.S. industrial goods and expand agricultural access, plus $750B in U.S. energy procurement through 2028.

    Source ↗

  5. 2025-08-07

    15% all-inclusive structure replaces the 20% rate

    In effect

    The July 31, 2025 order ('Further Modifying the Reciprocal Tariff Rates') gave the EU a unique structure effective August 7, 2025: for goods with an MFN (Column 1) rate below 15%, the reciprocal duty tops the total up to exactly 15%; goods with an MFN rate of 15% or higher pay no additional reciprocal duty.

    Federal Register · 2025-15010 →

  6. 2025-07-09

    Reciprocal-rate pause extended to August 1

    In effect

    The July 7, 2025 order extended the suspension of country-specific reciprocal rates through August 1, 2025, keeping the EU at the 10% baseline while framework talks continued.

    90 FR 30823 →

  7. 2025-06-04

    Section 232 steel and aluminum duties doubled to 50%

    In effect

    The June 3, 2025 proclamation raised Section 232 duties on steel and aluminum articles and derivatives from 25% to 50% effective June 4, 2025, with no EU carve-out.

    90 FR 24199 →

  8. 2025-04-10

    90-day pause suspends the 20% rate back to 10%

    In effect

    The April 9, 2025 modification order suspended country-specific reciprocal rates for 90 days for all partners except China, returning the EU to the 10% universal baseline effective April 10, 2025 while negotiations proceeded.

    90 FR 15625 →

  9. 2025-04-09

    EU country-specific reciprocal rate of 20% takes effect

    In effect

    Annex I of Executive Order 14257 assigned the European Union a 20% country-specific reciprocal rate, effective April 9, 2025 — the rate still carried for the EU in the HTS Chapter 99 Subchapter III note.

    Federal Register · 2025-06063 →

  10. 2025-04-05

    Universal 10% reciprocal baseline takes effect

    In effect

    Executive Order 14257 (signed April 2, 2025) imposed a 10% ad valorem reciprocal duty on imports from all trading partners, including the EU, effective April 5, 2025. The order singled out the EU's 5% average MFN rate and 10% passenger-vehicle tariff as examples of non-reciprocal treatment.

    Federal Register · 2025-06063 →

  11. 2025-03-12

    Section 232 steel and aluminum arrangements terminated — 25% duties on EU metals

    In effect

    Proclamations of February 10, 2025 ended the EU's tariff-rate-quota arrangements for steel and aluminum and raised the aluminum duty from 10% to 25%, applying 25% Section 232 duties to EU steel and aluminum effective March 12, 2025.

    90 FR 9817 →
Compare all countries’ tariffs →Your tariff impact →

Reference

The country itself

Europe · Geography, people, economy, and government — public-domain data from the CIA World Factbook.

Greece won independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1830 and became a kingdom. During the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, it gradually added neighboring islands and territories, most with Greek-speaking populations. In World War II, Greece was first invaded by Italy (1940) and subsequently occupied by Germany (1941-44); fighting endured in a protracted civil war between supporters of the king and other anti-communist and communist rebels. The communists were defeated in 1949, and Greece joined NATO in 1952. In 1967, a military coup forced the king to flee the country. The ensuing military dictatorship collapsed in 1974, and Greece abolished the monarchy to become a parliamentary republic. In 1981, Greece joined the EC (now the EU); it became the 12th member of the European Economic and Monetary Union in 2001. From 2009 until 2019, Greece suffered a severe economic crisis due to nearly a decade of chronic overspending and structural rigidities. Beginning in 2010, Greece entered three bailout agreements -- the first two with the European Commission, the European Central Bank, and the IMF; and the third in 2015 with the European Stability Mechanism -- worth in total about $300 billion. The Greek Government formally exited the third bailout in 2018, and Greece's economy has since improved significantly. In 2022, the country finalized its early repayment to the IMF and graduated on schedule from the EU's enhanced surveillance framework.

Regional map of Greece

Geography

Location
Southern Europe, bordering the Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea, between Albania and Turkey
Area
131,957 sq km
Climate
temperate; mild, wet winters; hot, dry summers
Terrain
mountainous with ranges extending into the sea as peninsulas or chains of islands
Natural resources
lignite, petroleum, iron ore, bauxite, lead, zinc, nickel, magnesite, marble, salt, hydropower potential
Coastline
13,676 km
Natural hazards
severe earthquakes volcanism: Santorini (367 m) has been deemed a Decade Volcano by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Methana and Nisyros in the Aegean are also classified as historically active

People & society

Population
10,424,536 (2025 est.)
Nationality
Greek(s)
Ethnic groups
Greek 91.6%, Albanian 4.4%, other 4% (2011 est.)
Languages
Greek (official) 99%, other (includes English and French) 1%
Religions
Greek Orthodox 81-90%, Muslim 2%, other 3%, none 4-15%, unspecified 1% (2015 est.)
Median age
46.8 years (2025 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
81.9 years (2024 est.)

Economy

Economic overview
high-income EU and eurozone economy; growth above euro average, supported by private consumption and EU fund investments; structural reforms strengthening public finances and enhancing resilience within banking system; declining unemployment but low labor productivity and skill shortages
Industries
tourism, food and tobacco processing, textiles, chemicals, metal products; mining, petroleum
Agricultural products
maize, wheat, sheep milk, oranges, tomatoes, milk, peaches/nectarines, grapes, watermelons, barley (2023)
Exports - partners
Italy 12%, Germany 6%, Cyprus 6%, Bulgaria 4%, USA 4% (2023)
Imports - partners
Germany 10%, China 10%, Italy 8%, Iraq 7%, Netherlands 6% (2023)

Government

Government type
parliamentary republic
Capital
Athens
Independence
3 February 1830 (from the Ottoman Empire)
Constitution
many previous; latest entered into force 11 June 1975
Executive branch
President Konstantinos TASOULAS (since 13 March 2025)
Legislative branch
Hellenic Parliament (Vouli Ton Ellinon)

Full reference data

Every field, by section — CIA World Factbook. Open a topic to expand it.

Introduction
Background
Greece won independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1830 and became a kingdom. During the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, it gradually added neighboring islands and territories, most with Greek-speaking populations. In World War II, Greece was first invaded by Italy (1940) and subsequently occupied by Germany (1941-44); fighting endured in a protracted civil war between supporters of the king and other anti-communist and communist rebels. The communists were defeated in 1949, and Greece joined NATO in 1952. In 1967, a military coup forced the king to flee the country. The ensuing military dictatorship collapsed in 1974, and Greece abolished the monarchy to become a parliamentary republic. In 1981, Greece joined the EC (now the EU); it became the 12th member of the European Economic and Monetary Union in 2001. From 2009 until 2019, Greece suffered a severe economic crisis due to nearly a decade of chronic overspending and structural rigidities. Beginning in 2010, Greece entered three bailout agreements -- the first two with the European Commission, the European Central Bank, and the IMF; and the third in 2015 with the European Stability Mechanism -- worth in total about $300 billion. The Greek Government formally exited the third bailout in 2018, and Greece's economy has since improved significantly. In 2022, the country finalized its early repayment to the IMF and graduated on schedule from the EU's enhanced surveillance framework.
Travel Facts
US State Dept Travel Advisory
The US Department of State currently recommends US citizens exercise normal precautions in Greece. Consult its website via the link below for updates to travel advisories and statements on safety, security, local laws, and special circumstances in this country. https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories.html
Passport/Visa Requirements
US citizens should make sure their passport will not expire for at least 6 months after they enter the country even if they do not intend to stay that long. They should also make sure they have at least 1 blank page in their passport for any entry stamp that will be required. A visa is not required as long as you do not stay in the country more than 89 days.
US Embassy/Consulate
[30] (210) 721-2951; US Embassy in Athens, 91 Vasilisis Sophias Avenue, 10160 Athens, Greece; https://gr.usembassy.gov/; athensamericancitizenservices@state.gov
Telephone Code
30
Local Emergency Phone
Ambulance: 112, 166; Fire: 112, 199; Police: 112, 100
Vaccinations
See WHO recommendations http://www.who.int/
Climate
Temperate; mild, wet winters; hot, dry summers
Currency (Code)
Euros (EUR)
Electricity/Voltage/Plug Type(s)
230 V / 50 Hz / plug types(s): C, F
Major Languages
Greek, English, French
Major Religions
Greek Orthodox 81 - 90%, Muslim 2%
Time Difference
UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time); daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March, ends last Sunday in October
Potable Water
Opt for bottled water
International Driving Permit
Suggested
Road Driving Side
Right
Tourist Destinations
Acropolis in Athens; Santorini; Mykonos; Delphi; Corfu beaches; Meteora Monasteries; Mycenae & Tiryns; Delos
Major Sports
Soccer, athletics (track and field), basketball, water polo
Cultural Practices
The host often gives the first toast at Greek meals, but an honored guest should return the favor later on in the evening.
Tipping Guidelines
Check the bill first to see if a service charge has already been added. If not, round up to the nearest euro, or tip 5-10% of the final bill for exceptional service. Round up taxi fares. Tip porters 1-2 euros per bag and leave housekeeping 1-2 euros per day.
Souvenirs
Worry bead, coin, and blue bead jewelry; handwoven items, flokati rugs, copper ware, olive oil, honey, pottery, authentic and replica archeological items
Traditional Cuisine
Moussaka — layers of sautéed eggplant and/or potatoes and spicy ground lamb topped with Béchamel sauce and baked
CIA source last updated
Wednesday, November 09, 2022
Travel resources

Please visit the following links to find further information about your desired destination.

World Health Organization (WHO) - To learn what vaccines and health precautions to take while visiting your destination.

US State Dept Travel Information - Overall information about foreign travel for US citizens.

To obtain an international driving permit (IDP). Only two organizations in the US issue IDPs: American Automobile Association (AAA) and American Automobile Touring Alliance (AATA)

How to get help in an emergency? Contact the nearest US embassy or consulate, or call one of these numbers: from the US or Canada - 1-888-407-4747 or from Overseas - +1 202-501-4444

Page last updated: Wednesday, November 09, 2022

Geography
Location
Southern Europe, bordering the Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea, between Albania and Turkey
Geographic coordinates
39 00 N, 22 00 E
Map references
Europe
Area - total
131,957 sq km
Area - land
130,647 sq km
Area - water
1,310 sq km
Area - comparative
slightly smaller than Alabama
Land boundaries - total
1,110 km
Land boundaries - border countries
Albania 212 km; Bulgaria 472 km; North Macedonia 234 km; Turkey 192 km
Coastline
13,676 km
Maritime claims - territorial sea
6 nm
Maritime claims - continental shelf
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Climate
temperate; mild, wet winters; hot, dry summers
Terrain
mountainous with ranges extending into the sea as peninsulas or chains of islands
Elevation - highest point
Mount Olympus 2,917
Elevation - lowest point
Mediterranean Sea 0 m
Elevation - mean elevation
498 m
Elevation - note
note: Mount Olympus actually has 52 peaks but its highest point, Mytikas (meaning "nose"), rises to 2,917 meters; in Greek mythology, Olympus' Mytikas peak was the home of the Greek gods
Natural resources
lignite, petroleum, iron ore, bauxite, lead, zinc, nickel, magnesite, marble, salt, hydropower potential
Land use - agricultural land
41.7% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 14.4% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 8% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 19.2% (2023 est.)
Land use - forest
36.9% (2023 est.)
Land use - other
21.3% (2023 est.)
Irrigated land
12,191 sq km (2021)
Population distribution
one third of the population lives in and around metropolitan Athens; the remainder of the country has moderate population density mixed with sizeable urban clusters
Natural hazards
severe earthquakes volcanism: Santorini (367 m) has been deemed a Decade Volcano by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Methana and Nisyros in the Aegean are also classified as historically active
Geography - note
strategic location dominating the Aegean Sea and southern approach to Turkish Straits; a peninsular country, with an archipelago of about 2,000 islands
People and Society
Population - total
10,424,536 (2025 est.)
Population - male
5,105,879
Population - female
5,318,657
Nationality - noun
Greek(s)
Nationality - adjective
Greek
Ethnic groups
Greek 91.6%, Albanian 4.4%, other 4% (2011 est.)
Ethnic groups - note
note: data represent citizenship; Greece does not collect data on ethnicity
Languages - Languages
Greek (official) 99%, other (includes English and French) 1%
Languages - major-language sample(s)
Το Παγκόσμιο Βιβλίο Δεδομένων, η απαραίτητη πηγή βασικών πληροφοριών. (Greek) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Greek Orthodox 81-90%, Muslim 2%, other 3%, none 4-15%, unspecified 1% (2015 est.)
Age structure - 0-14 years
13.8% (male 742,131/female 699,079)
Age structure - 15-64 years
62.6% (male 3,278,906/female 3,267,140)
Age structure - 65 years and over
23.6% (2024 est.) (male 1,096,825/female 1,377,010)
Dependency ratios - total dependency ratio
60.1 (2025 est.)
Dependency ratios - youth dependency ratio
21.7 (2025 est.)
Dependency ratios - elderly dependency ratio
38.4 (2025 est.)
Dependency ratios - potential support ratio
2.6 (2025 est.)
Median age - total
46.8 years (2025 est.)
Median age - male
44.6 years
Median age - female
48.3 years
Population growth rate
-0.35% (2025 est.)
Birth rate
7.38 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
11.99 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Net migration rate
1.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Population distribution
one third of the population lives in and around metropolitan Athens; the remainder of the country has moderate population density mixed with sizeable urban clusters
Urbanization - urban population
80.7% of total population (2023)
Urbanization - rate of urbanization
0.11% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas - population
3.154 million ATHENS (capital), 815,000 Thessaloniki (2023)
Sex ratio - at birth
1.07 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - 0-14 years
1.06 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - 15-64 years
1 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - 65 years and over
0.8 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - total population
0.96 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
30.7 years (2020 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
5 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Infant mortality rate - total
3.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
Infant mortality rate - male
3.8 deaths/1,000 live births
Infant mortality rate - female
3 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population
81.9 years (2024 est.)
Life expectancy at birth - male
79.4 years
Life expectancy at birth - female
84.6 years
Total fertility rate
1.42 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.69 (2025 est.)
Drinking water source - improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Drinking water source - improved: rural
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Drinking water source - improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Drinking water source - unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Drinking water source - unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Drinking water source - unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Health expenditure - Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
9.2% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure - Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
8.7% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
6.58 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Hospital bed density
4.2 beds/1,000 population (2019 est.)
Sanitation facility access - improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility access - improved: rural
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility access - improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility access - unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility access - unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility access - unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
24.9% (2016)
Alcohol consumption per capita - total
6.33 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita - beer
2.13 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita - wine
2.66 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita - spirits
1.45 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita - other alcohols
0.08 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Tobacco use - total
27.3% (2025 est.)
Tobacco use - male
30.3% (2025 est.)
Tobacco use - female
24.6% (2025 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
52.4% (2023 est.)
Education expenditure - Education expenditure (% GDP)
3.4% of GDP (2022 est.)
Education expenditure - Education expenditure (% national budget)
6.4% national budget (2022 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) - total
21 years (2022 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) - male
21 years (2022 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) - female
21 years (2022 est.)
Government
Country name - conventional long form
Hellenic Republic
Country name - conventional short form
Greece
Country name - local long form
Elliniki Dimokratia
Country name - local short form
Ellas or Ellada
Country name - former
Hellenic State, Kingdom of Greece
Country name - etymology
the English name derives from the Roman (Latin) designation Graecia , meaning "Land of the Greeks"; the Greeks call their country Ellas or Ellada, which is probably derived from Hellas, the name of the mythical son of Deucalian
Government type
parliamentary republic
Capital - name
Athens
Capital - geographic coordinates
37 59 N, 23 44 E
Capital - time difference
UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Capital - daylight saving time
+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Capital - etymology
the origin of the name is uncertain; according to tradition, the city is named after Athena, the Greek goddess of wisdom, but the name is probably pre-Hellenic
Administrative divisions
13 regions ( perifereies , singular - perifereia ) and 1 autonomous monastic state* ( aftonomi monastiki politeia ); Agion Oros* (Mount Athos), Anatoliki Makedonia kai Thraki (East Macedonia and Thrace), Attiki (Attica), Dytiki Ellada (West Greece), Dytiki Makedonia (West Macedonia), Ionia Nisia (Ionian Islands), Ipeiros (Epirus), Kentriki Makedonia (Central Macedonia), Kriti (Crete), Notio Aigaio (South Aegean), Peloponnisos (Peloponnese), Sterea Ellada (Central Greece), Thessalia (Thessaly), Voreio Aigaio (North Aegean)
Legal system
civil legal system based on Roman law
Constitution - history
many previous; latest entered into force 11 June 1975
Constitution - amendment process
proposed by at least 50 members of Parliament and agreed by three-fifths majority vote in two separate ballots at least 30 days apart; passage requires absolute majority vote by the next elected Parliament; entry into force finalized through a "special parliamentary resolution"; articles on human rights and freedoms and the form of government cannot be amended
International law organization participation
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Citizenship - citizenship by birth
no
Citizenship - citizenship by descent only
at least one parent must be a citizen of Greece
Citizenship - dual citizenship recognized
yes
Citizenship - residency requirement for naturalization
10 years
Suffrage
17 years of age; universal and compulsory
Executive branch - chief of state
President Konstantinos TASOULAS (since 13 March 2025)
Executive branch - head of government
Prime Minister Kyriakos MITSOTAKIS (since 26 June 2023)
Executive branch - cabinet
Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
Executive branch - election/appointment process
president elected by Hellenic Parliament for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); president appoints as prime minister the leader of the majority party or coalition in the Hellenic Parliament
Executive branch - most recent election date
12 February 2025
Executive branch - election results
2025: Konstantinos TASOULAS (ND) elected president by Parliament - 160 of 300 votes 2020: Katerina SAKELLAROPOULOU (independent) elected president by Parliament - 261 of 300 votes
Executive branch - expected date of next election
2030
Legislative branch - legislature name
Hellenic Parliament (Vouli Ton Ellinon)
Legislative branch - legislative structure
unicameral
Legislative branch - number of seats
300 (all directly elected)
Legislative branch - electoral system
proportional representation
Legislative branch - scope of elections
full renewal
Legislative branch - term in office
4 years
Legislative branch - most recent election date
6/25/2023
Legislative branch - parties elected and seats per party
New Democracy (ND) (158); Coalition of the Radical Left (SYRIZA) (47); Panhellenic Socialist Movement - Movement for Change (PASOK-KINAL) (32); Communist Party (KKE) (21); Other (42)
Legislative branch - percentage of women in chamber
22.9%
Legislative branch - expected date of next election
June 2027
Legislative branch - note
note: only parties surpassing a 3% vote threshold are entitled to parliamentary seats; parties need 10 seats to become formal parliamentary groups but can retain that status if the party participated in the last election and received the minimum 3% threshold
Judicial branch - highest court(s)
Supreme Civil and Criminal Court or Areios Pagos (consists of 56 judges, including the court presidents); Council of State (supreme administrative court) consists of the president, 7 vice presidents, 42 privy councilors, 48 associate councilors and 50 reporting judges, organized into six 5- and 7-member chambers; Court of Audit (government audit and enforcement) consists of the president, 5 vice presidents, 20 councilors, and 90 associate and reporting judges
Judicial branch - judge selection and term of office
Supreme Court judges appointed by presidential decree on the advice of the Supreme Judicial Council (SJC), which includes the president of the Supreme Court, other judges, and the prosecutor of the Supreme Court; judges appointed for life after a 2-year probationary period; Council of State president appointed by the Greek Cabinet to serve a 4-year term; other judge appointments and tenure NA; Court of Audit president appointed by decree of the president of the republic on the advice of the SJC; court president serves a 4-year term or until age 67; tenure of vice presidents, councilors, and judges NA
Judicial branch - subordinate courts
Courts of Appeal and Courts of First Instance (district courts)
Political parties
Coalition of the Radical Left-Progressive Alliance or SYRIZA-PS Communist Party of Greece or KKE Course of Freedom Democratic Patriotic Movement-Victory or NIKI Greek Solution New Democracy or ND PASOK - Movement for Change or PASOK-KINAL Spartans
Diplomatic representation in the US - chief of mission
Ambassador Ekaterini NASSIKA (since 27 February 2024)
Diplomatic representation in the US - chancery
2217 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
Diplomatic representation in the US - telephone
[1] (202) 939-1300
Diplomatic representation in the US - FAX
[1] (202) 939-1324
Diplomatic representation in the US - email address and website
gremb.was@mfa.gr https://www.mfa.gr/usa/en/the-embassy/
Diplomatic representation in the US - consulate(s) general
Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, Tampa (FL), San Francisco
Diplomatic representation in the US - consulate(s)
Atlanta, Houston
Diplomatic representation from the US - chief of mission
Ambassador Kimberly Ann GUILFOYLE (since 4 November 2025)
Diplomatic representation from the US - embassy
91 Vasillisis Sophias Avenue, 10160 Athens
Diplomatic representation from the US - mailing address
7100 Athens Place, Washington DC 20521-7100
Diplomatic representation from the US - telephone
[30] (210) 721-2951
Diplomatic representation from the US - FAX
[30] (210) 724-5313
Diplomatic representation from the US - email address and website
athensamericancitizenservices@state.gov https://gr.usembassy.gov/
Diplomatic representation from the US - consulate(s) general
Thessaloniki
International organization participation
Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Independence
3 February 1830 (from the Ottoman Empire)
Independence - note
note: the national revolt against the Ottomans began on 25 March 1821; the London Protocol recognizing Greek independence was signed on 3 February 1830 by Great Britain, France, and Russia
National holiday
Independence Day, 25 March (1821)
Flag
description: nine equal horizontal stripes of blue alternating with white; a blue square with a white cross is in the upper-left corner meaning: the cross symbolizes Greek Orthodoxy, the established religion; there is no set meaning for the stripes and colors
Flag - note
note: Greek legislation states that the flag colors are cyan and white, but cyan can mean "blue" in Greek, so the exact shade of blue has never been set and has varied from a light to a dark blue over time; the blue is now usually an azure
National symbol(s)
Greek cross (white cross on a blue field)
National color(s)
blue, white
National coat of arms
the coat of arms was designed by Greek artist Kostas Grammatopoulos and has been in use since 1975; depicted in the national colors of blue and white; the white cross represents the country’s primary religion, Greek Orthodoxy, and the laurel branches symbolize victory
National anthem(s) - title
"Ymnos eis tin Eleftherian" (Hymn to Freedom)
National anthem(s) - lyrics/music
Dionysios SOLOMOS/Nikolaos MANTZAROS
National anthem(s) - history
adopted 1864; the anthem is based on a 158-stanza poem by the same name, which was inspired by the Greek Revolution of 1821 against the Ottomans (only the first two stanzas are used); Cyprus also uses "Hymn to Freedom" as its anthem
National heritage - total World Heritage Sites
20 (18 cultural, 2 mixed)
National heritage - selected World Heritage Site locales
Acropolis, Athens (c); Archaeological site of Delphi (c); Meteora (m); Medieval City of Rhodes (c); Archaeological site of Olympia (c); Archaeological site of Mycenae and Tiryns (c); Old Town of Corfu (c); Mount Athos (m); Delos (c); Archaeological Site of Philippi (c); Minoan Palatial Centres (c)
Economy
Economic overview
high-income EU and eurozone economy; growth above euro average, supported by private consumption and EU fund investments; structural reforms strengthening public finances and enhancing resilience within banking system; declining unemployment but low labor productivity and skill shortages
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) - Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$392.205 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) - Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$383.493 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) - Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$374.753 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) - note
note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP growth rate - Real GDP growth rate 2024
2.3% (2024 est.)
Real GDP growth rate - Real GDP growth rate 2023
2.3% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate - Real GDP growth rate 2022
5.7% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate - note
note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP per capita - Real GDP per capita 2024
$37,800 (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita - Real GDP per capita 2023
$36,900 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita - Real GDP per capita 2022
$35,900 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita - note
note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate)
$257.145 billion (2024 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate) - note
note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
2.7% (2024 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
3.5% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
9.6% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - note
note: annual % change based on consumer prices
GDP - composition, by sector of origin - agriculture
3.3% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin - industry
15.4% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin - services
68% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin - note
note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
GDP - composition, by end use - household consumption
66.9% (2023 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - government consumption
19.3% (2023 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - investment in fixed capital
15.2% (2023 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - investment in inventories
1.5% (2023 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - exports of goods and services
43.7% (2023 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - imports of goods and services
-48.4% (2023 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - note
note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Agricultural products
maize, wheat, sheep milk, oranges, tomatoes, milk, peaches/nectarines, grapes, watermelons, barley (2023)
Agricultural products - note
note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Industries
tourism, food and tobacco processing, textiles, chemicals, metal products; mining, petroleum
Industrial production growth rate
6.1% (2024 est.)
Industrial production growth rate - note
note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Labor force
4.655 million (2024 est.)
Labor force - note
note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Unemployment rate - Unemployment rate 2024
10.2% (2024 est.)
Unemployment rate - Unemployment rate 2023
11.1% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate - Unemployment rate 2022
12.5% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate - note
note: % of labor force seeking employment
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) - total
24.7% (2024 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) - male
23.2% (2024 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) - female
26.6% (2024 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) - note
note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Population below poverty line
18.8% (2021 est.)
Population below poverty line - note
note: % of population with income below national poverty line
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income - Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022
33.4 (2022 est.)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income - note
note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
Average household expenditures - on food
16.4% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Average household expenditures - on alcohol and tobacco
4.4% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%
2.7% (2022 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - highest 10%
25.7% (2022 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - note
note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Remittances - Remittances 2024
0.2% of GDP (2024 est.)
Remittances - Remittances 2023
0.2% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances - Remittances 2022
0.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances - note
note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Budget - revenues
$111.938 billion (2023 est.)
Budget - expenditures
$114.497 billion (2023 est.)
Budget - note
note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Public debt - Public debt 2023
190.6% of GDP (2023 est.)
Public debt - note
note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Taxes and other revenues
26.6% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
Taxes and other revenues - note
note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Current account balance - Current account balance 2024
-$16.399 billion (2024 est.)
Current account balance - Current account balance 2023
-$15.008 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance - Current account balance 2022
-$22.623 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance - note
note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports - Exports 2024
$108.424 billion (2024 est.)
Exports - Exports 2023
$107.218 billion (2023 est.)
Exports - Exports 2022
$106.189 billion (2022 est.)
Exports - note
note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
Italy 12%, Germany 6%, Cyprus 6%, Bulgaria 4%, USA 4% (2023)
Exports - partners - note
note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
refined petroleum, packaged medicine, aluminum, olive oil, tobacco (2023)
Exports - commodities - note
note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports - Imports 2024
$122.408 billion (2024 est.)
Imports - Imports 2023
$119.234 billion (2023 est.)
Imports - Imports 2022
$127.82 billion (2022 est.)
Imports - note
note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
Germany 10%, China 10%, Italy 8%, Iraq 7%, Netherlands 6% (2023)
Imports - partners - note
note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
crude petroleum, refined petroleum, natural gas, cars, packaged medicine (2023)
Imports - commodities - note
note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024
$15.222 billion (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
$13.608 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
$12.061 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - note
note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Exchange rates - Currency
euros (EUR) per US dollar -
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2024
0.924 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2023
0.925 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2022
0.95 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2021
0.845 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2020
0.876 (2020 est.)
Energy
Electricity access - electrification - total population
100% (2022 est.)
Electricity - installed generating capacity
24.169 million kW (2023 est.)
Electricity - consumption
46.929 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity - exports
3.24 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity - imports
8.152 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity - transmission/distribution losses
5.346 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources - fossil fuels
48.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources - solar
17.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources - wind
23.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources - hydroelectricity
9.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources - biomass and waste
0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Coal - production
10.469 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Coal - consumption
10.091 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Coal - exports
5 metric tons (2023 est.)
Coal - imports
49,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Coal - proven reserves
2.876 billion metric tons (2023 est.)
Petroleum - total petroleum production
5,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Petroleum - refined petroleum consumption
308,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)
Petroleum - crude oil estimated reserves
10 million barrels (2021 est.)
Natural gas - production
1.323 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Natural gas - consumption
3.344 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Natural gas - exports
8.362 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Natural gas - imports
11.619 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Natural gas - proven reserves
991.09 million cubic meters (2021 est.)
Energy consumption per capita - Total energy consumption per capita 2023
92.693 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Communications
Telephones - fixed lines - total subscriptions
4.69 million (2024 est.)
Telephones - fixed lines - subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
47 (2024 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular - total subscriptions
11.4 million (2024 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular - subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
114 (2024 est.)
Broadcast media
broadcast media dominated by the private sector; roughly 150 private TV channels, about 10 of which broadcast nationwide; 1 state-owned terrestrial TV channel with national coverage; 3 privately owned satellite channels; multi-channel satellite and cable TV services available; over 1,500 radio stations, all privately owned; state-owned broadcaster has 2 national radio stations
Internet country code
.gr
Internet users - percent of population
85% (2023 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions - total
4.48 million (2023 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions - subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
44 (2023 est.)
Transportation
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
SX
Airports
82 (2025)
Heliports
59 (2025)
Railways - total
2,345 km (2020) 731 km electrified
Merchant marine - total
1,215 (2023)
Merchant marine - by type
bulk carrier 132, container ship 4, general cargo 79, oil tanker 299, other 701
Ports - total ports
57 (2024)
Ports - large
1
Ports - medium
7
Ports - small
7
Ports - very small
42
Ports - ports with oil terminals
13
Ports - key ports
Alexandroupoli, Iraklion, Kerkira, Ormos Aliveriou, Piraievs, Soudha, Thessaloniki, Volos
Military and Security
Military and security forces
Hellenic Armed Forces (HAF; Ellinikes Enoples Dynamis, EED): Hellenic Army (Ellinikos Stratos, ES; includes National Guard), Hellenic Navy (Elliniko Polemiko Navtiko, EPN), Hellenic Air Force (Elliniki Polemiki Aeroporia, EPA; includes air defense) (2025)
Military and security forces - note
note 1: the police (under the Ministry of Citizen Protection) and the armed forces (Ministry of National Defense) share law enforcement duties in certain border areas; the Greek Coast Guard is under the Ministry of Shipping Affairs and Island Policy note 2: the National Guard was established in 1982 as an official part of the Army to help protect Greece and provide reinforcements and support to the Army in peacetime and in times of mobilization and war
Military expenditures - Military Expenditures 2025
2.9% of GDP (2025 est.)
Military expenditures - Military Expenditures 2024
2.7% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military expenditures - Military Expenditures 2023
2.8% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military expenditures - Military Expenditures 2022
3.9% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military expenditures - Military Expenditures 2021
3.7% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military and security service personnel strengths
approximately 112,000 active-duty military personnel (2025)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the military's inventory consists of a mix of domestically produced and imported armaments from Europe and the US; in recent years, France, Germany, the UK, and the US have been major suppliers of weapons systems; Greece's defense industry is capable of producing a range of military hardware, including naval vessels and associated subsystems (2025)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions - note
note: Greece is in the midst of a military modernization program which includes acquisitions of fighter aircraft and naval ships from France and armored vehicles and tanks from Germany; it has also boosted purchases of US equipment, including fighter aircraft upgrades, helicopters, and naval patrol craft
Military service age and obligation
18 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; all Greek men 19-45 are subject to compulsory military service; 12-month obligation for all services (note - as an exception, the duration of the full military service is 9 instead of 12 months if conscripts, after the initial training, serve the entire remaining time in certain areas of the eastern borders, in Cyprus, or in certain military units) (2026)
Military service age and obligation - note
note 1: in July 2025, the Greek Government unveiled several defense reforms which went into effect on 1 January 2026, including abolishing mandatory military service for the Air Force and Navy, with exceptions only for specialized roles such as aircraft engineers and ship captains; all conscripts are to be classified exclusively into the Army; ground forces will also take over facility security duties previously managed by the other branches note 2: as of 2025, women comprised about 17% of the military's full-time personnel
Military deployments
approximately 1,000 Cyprus; 120 Kosovo (NATO); 130 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (2025)
Military deployments - note
note: Greece also has air and naval units deployed in support of NATO missions
Military - note
the Hellenic Armed Forces (HAF) are responsible for protecting Greece’s independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity; the HAF also maintains a presence on Cyprus (the Hellenic Force in Cyprus or ELDYK) to assist and support the Cypriot National Guard; as a member of the EU, NATO, and other international organizations, the HAF participates in multinational peacekeeping and other security missions abroad, taking a particular interest in missions occurring in the near regions, such as the Balkans, the Mediterranean and Aegean seas, the Middle East, and North Africa; areas of focus for the HAF include instability in the Balkans, territorial disputes with Turkey, and support to European security through the EU and NATO Greece’s NATO membership is a key component of its security; it became a NATO member in 1952 and occupies a strategic location in the Eastern Mediterranean on NATO’s southern flank; Greece is host to several NATO facilities, including the Deployable Corps Greece (NDC-GR) headquarters in Thessaloniki, the Combined Air Operations Center in Larissa, the Multinational Peace Support Operations Training Center in Kilkis, the Multinational Sealift Coordination Center in Athens, and the Naval Base, Maritime Interdiction Operational Training Centre, and NATO Missile Firing Installation at Souda, Crete (2025)
Terrorism
Terrorist group(s)
Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); Revolutionary Struggle (RS); Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front (DHKP/C)
Terrorist group(s) - note
note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide
Transnational Issues
Refugees and internally displaced persons - refugees
144,694 (2024 est.)
Refugees and internally displaced persons - stateless persons
3,743 (2024 est.)
Environment
Environmental issues
air pollution; air emissions from transport and electricity power stations; water pollution; degradation of coastal zones; loss of biodiversity; municipal and industrial waste disposal
International environmental agreements - party to
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands
International environmental agreements - signed, but not ratified
Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds
Climate
temperate; mild, wet winters; hot, dry summers
Land use - agricultural land
41.7% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 14.4% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 8% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 19.2% (2023 est.)
Land use - forest
36.9% (2023 est.)
Land use - other
21.3% (2023 est.)
Urbanization - urban population
80.7% of total population (2023)
Urbanization - rate of urbanization
0.11% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions - total emissions
62.06 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions - from coal and metallurgical coke
10.794 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions - from petroleum and other liquids
44.649 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions - from consumed natural gas
6.617 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
14.6 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Waste and recycling - municipal solid waste generated annually
5.615 million tons (2024 est.)
Waste and recycling - percent of municipal solid waste recycled
22.4% (2022 est.)
Total water withdrawal - municipal
1.687 billion cubic meters (2022)
Total water withdrawal - industrial
279.8 million cubic meters (2022)
Total water withdrawal - agricultural
8.107 billion cubic meters (2022)
Total renewable water resources
68 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Geoparks - total global geoparks and regional networks
9 (2024)
Geoparks - global geoparks and regional networks
Chelmos Vouraikos; Grevena - Kozani; Kefalonia-Ithaca; Lavreotiki; Lesvos Island; Meteora Pyli; Psiloritis; Sitia; Vikos - Aoos (2024)
Space
Space agency/agencies
Hellenic Space Center (HSC; aka Hellenic Space Agency; established 2018) (2025)
Space program overview
focuses on building and operating satellites for communications and remote sensing (RS); researches and develops space-related technologies in a variety of sectors, including agriculture, defense, environmental studies, RS, and telecommunications; contributes to and participates in ESA capabilities and programs; also participates in EU space programs and cooperates bilaterally with European and US space agencies and commercial space sectors; has a commercial space sector that researches, develops, and produces a variety of space technologies and capabilities (2025)
Key space-program milestones
1994 - signed first cooperation agreement with the ESA 2005 - first satellite (Hellas-Sat) for a domestic telecommunications satellite network launched by US; joined ESA (became member state in 2011) 2017 - first domestically manufactured communications satellite (UPSat) released from International Space Station 2019 - began participating in ESA’s quantum communications infrastructure (EuroQCI or “fiber in the sky”) and the US Gateway Lunar orbital/landing programs 2021 - launched ESA-assisted national program to develop, manufacture, launch, and operate small satellites 2024 - signed US-led Artemis Accords for space and Moon exploration 2025 - launched demonstrator/experimental RS cube satellite (DUTHSat-2) under ESA-assisted national small satellite program
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