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Country exposure · SK

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Slovakia

Europe · Bratislava · parliamentary republic

What Slovakia means for your money — the prices you pay, the tariffs in motion, and where U.S. policy could change both.

Map showing the location of Slovakia

$6.6B

U.S. imports, 2025

-19.5%

change in one year

$1.0B

U.S. exports, 2025

6M

Population

$141.8B

GDP

In your house

What you buy that Slovakia makes

America bought $6.6B in goods from Slovakia in 2025 — down 19.5% in a single year. Of every $100 of it, here's where the money went.

Passenger cars, new and used

new and used cars

$4.7B70.9%

Automotive tires and tubes

tires

$309M4.7%

Industrial machines, other

$253M3.8%

Other parts and accessories of vehicles

car parts and accessories

$199M3%

Electric apparatus

$138M2.1%

Generators, accessories

$94M1.4%

Telecommunications equipment

phones, routers, networking gear

$94M1.4%

Minimum value shipments

$61M0.9%

Industrial engines

$59M0.9%

Computer accessories

keyboards, drives, computer parts

$55M0.8%

2026 so far (through April): $2.1B in imports. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Trade in Goods (customs basis).

The other direction

What America sells to Slovakia

$1.0B in 2025 — a trade rupture cuts both ways, for American producers as well as American prices.

Military aircraft, complete

$452M

Tanks, artillery, missiles, rockets, guns and ammunition

$104M

Military trucks, armored vehicles, etc.

$66M

Minimum value shipments

$34M

Telecommunications equipment

$31M

phones, routers, networking gear

Pharmaceutical preparations

$25M

medicines and pharmacy items

Industrial machines, other

$25M

Parts for military-type goods

$18M

Other parts and accessories of vehicles

$17M

car parts and accessories

Where you stand

U.S. tariff posture toward Slovakia

Since February 24, 2026 most EU goods face the universal 10% Section 122 temporary import surcharge, which replaced the framework's 15% all-inclusive IEEPA structure when EO 14389 terminated the reciprocal tariffs. The framework's Section 232 terms persist: EU autos at 15%, and the April 2026 metals expansion expressly preserved the EU's trade-agreement-partner treatment (steel and aluminum otherwise at 50%).

The United States negotiates tariffs with the European Union as a single market — every measure here applies to Slovakia as an EU member.

Reciprocal tariff (assigned — terminated)

20%

The rate this country was assigned under the EO 14257 reciprocal Annex — no longer in force. The Supreme Court struck down the IEEPA tariffs and they were terminated February 24, 2026 (EO 14389), replaced by a universal ~10% Section 122 surcharge. See the timeline below for the current effective rate.

Section 232 sectors

Autos, Wood

Steel, aluminum, autos, and similar national-security tariffs that name this country.

Policy in motion

Tariff status: a moving target

U.S. tariff policy toward the European Union — and with it Slovakia — has changed 11 times since 2025. This page tracks it.

  1. 2026-04-06

    EU treatment preserved in expanded metals tariffs

    In effect

    The April 2026 proclamation expanding Section 232 coverage of aluminum, steel, and copper derivatives expressly does not alter or supersede the prior U.S.–EU agreement implementation, and lists the EU among 'Trade Agreement Partners' eligible for its exclusion process.

    91 FR 18201 →

  2. 2026-02-24

    IEEPA reciprocal tariffs terminated — replaced by 10% Section 122

    In effect

    Executive Order 14389 (Ending Certain Tariff Actions) terminated the IEEPA tariff duties — including those under EO 14257, the basis of the EU's 15% all-inclusive structure — effective February 24, 2026. A flat 10% Section 122 temporary import surcharge (Proclamation 11012 of February 20, 2026) replaced them. The framework's Section 232 terms (the 15% EU autos cap, metals carve-outs) rest on separate authority and were expressly unaffected.

    91 FR 9437 →

  3. 2025-09-25

    Framework implemented: preferential treatment for certain EU goods

    In effect

    Acting under the September 8, 2025 procedures order, Commerce and USTR modified the HTSUS to implement the framework — preferential (zero) reciprocal treatment for certain EU goods and a reduction of the Section 232 automobile and parts duty to 15% for EU-origin vehicles.

    90 FR 46136 →

  4. 2025-08-21

    U.S.–EU Framework Agreement joint statement

    Agreement

    The United States and the European Union issued the Joint Statement on a Framework on an Agreement on Reciprocal, Fair, and Balanced Trade: the U.S. committed to the 15% all-inclusive ceiling, zero reciprocal duty on certain products, and a cut of the Section 232 automobile duty to 15%; the EU committed to eliminate tariffs on U.S. industrial goods and expand agricultural access, plus $750B in U.S. energy procurement through 2028.

    Source ↗

  5. 2025-08-07

    15% all-inclusive structure replaces the 20% rate

    In effect

    The July 31, 2025 order ('Further Modifying the Reciprocal Tariff Rates') gave the EU a unique structure effective August 7, 2025: for goods with an MFN (Column 1) rate below 15%, the reciprocal duty tops the total up to exactly 15%; goods with an MFN rate of 15% or higher pay no additional reciprocal duty.

    Federal Register · 2025-15010 →

  6. 2025-07-09

    Reciprocal-rate pause extended to August 1

    In effect

    The July 7, 2025 order extended the suspension of country-specific reciprocal rates through August 1, 2025, keeping the EU at the 10% baseline while framework talks continued.

    90 FR 30823 →

  7. 2025-06-04

    Section 232 steel and aluminum duties doubled to 50%

    In effect

    The June 3, 2025 proclamation raised Section 232 duties on steel and aluminum articles and derivatives from 25% to 50% effective June 4, 2025, with no EU carve-out.

    90 FR 24199 →

  8. 2025-04-10

    90-day pause suspends the 20% rate back to 10%

    In effect

    The April 9, 2025 modification order suspended country-specific reciprocal rates for 90 days for all partners except China, returning the EU to the 10% universal baseline effective April 10, 2025 while negotiations proceeded.

    90 FR 15625 →

  9. 2025-04-09

    EU country-specific reciprocal rate of 20% takes effect

    In effect

    Annex I of Executive Order 14257 assigned the European Union a 20% country-specific reciprocal rate, effective April 9, 2025 — the rate still carried for the EU in the HTS Chapter 99 Subchapter III note.

    Federal Register · 2025-06063 →

  10. 2025-04-05

    Universal 10% reciprocal baseline takes effect

    In effect

    Executive Order 14257 (signed April 2, 2025) imposed a 10% ad valorem reciprocal duty on imports from all trading partners, including the EU, effective April 5, 2025. The order singled out the EU's 5% average MFN rate and 10% passenger-vehicle tariff as examples of non-reciprocal treatment.

    Federal Register · 2025-06063 →

  11. 2025-03-12

    Section 232 steel and aluminum arrangements terminated — 25% duties on EU metals

    In effect

    Proclamations of February 10, 2025 ended the EU's tariff-rate-quota arrangements for steel and aluminum and raised the aluminum duty from 10% to 25%, applying 25% Section 232 duties to EU steel and aluminum effective March 12, 2025.

    90 FR 9817 →
Compare all countries’ tariffs →Your tariff impact →

Reference

The country itself

Europe · Geography, people, economy, and government — public-domain data from the CIA World Factbook.

Slovakia traces its roots to the 9th century state of Great Moravia. The Slovaks then became part of the Hungarian Kingdom, where they remained for the next 1,000 years. After the formation of the dual Austro-Hungarian monarchy in 1867, language and education policies favoring the use of Hungarian (known as "Magyarization") led to a public backlash that boosted Slovak nationalism and strengthened Slovak cultural ties with the closely related Czechs, who fell administratively under the Austrian half of the empire. When the Austro-Hungarian Empire dissolved at the end of World War I, the Slovaks joined the Czechs to form Czechoslovakia. During the interwar period, Slovak nationalist leaders pushed for autonomy within Czechoslovakia, and in 1939, in the wake of Germany's annexation of the Sudetenland, the newly established Slovak Republic became a German client state for the remainder of World War II. After World War II, Czechoslovakia was reconstituted and came under communist rule within Soviet-dominated Eastern Europe. In 1968, Warsaw Pact troops invaded and ended the efforts of Czechoslovakia's leaders to liberalize communist rule and create "socialism with a human face," ushering in a period of repression known as "normalization." The peaceful Velvet Revolution swept the Communist Party from power at the end of 1989 and inaugurated a return to democratic rule and a market economy. On 1 January 1993, Czechoslovakia underwent a nonviolent "velvet divorce" into its two national components, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. Slovakia joined both NATO and the EU in 2004 and the euro zone in 2009.

Regional map of Slovakia

Geography

Location
Central Europe, south of Poland
Area
49,035 sq km
Climate
temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters
Terrain
rugged mountains in the central and northern part and lowlands in the south
Natural resources
lignite, small amounts of iron ore, copper and manganese ore; salt; arable land
Coastline
0 km (landlocked)
Natural hazards
flooding

People & society

Population
5,563,649 (2024 est.)
Nationality
Slovak(s)
Ethnic groups
Slovak 83.8%, Hungarian 7.8%, Romani 1.2%, other 1.8% (includes Czech, Ruthenian, Ukrainian, Russian, German, Polish), unspecified 5.4% (2021 est.)
Languages
Slovak (official) 81.8%, Hungarian 8.5%, Roma 1.8%, other 2.2%, unspecified 5.7% (2021 est.)
Religions
Roman Catholic 55.8%, Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession 5.3%, Greek Catholic 4%, Reformed Christian 1.6%, other 3%, none 23.8%, unspecified 6.5% (2021 est.)
Median age
43.1 years (2025 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
77.2 years (2024 est.)

Economy

Economic overview
high-income EU and eurozone economy; manufacturing and exports led by automotive sector; growth supported by private consumption and public investment from EU funds, tempered by trade risks; increased taxes and withdrawal of energy subsidies contributing to rising but manageable inflation; strong labor demand and influx of foreign labor offsets aging workforce
Industries
automobiles; metal and metal products; electricity, gas, coke, oil, nuclear fuel; chemicals, synthetic fibers, wood and paper products; machinery; earthenware and ceramics; textiles; electrical and optical apparatus; rubber products; food and beverages; pharmaceutical
Agricultural products
wheat, sugar beets, maize, milk, barley, rapeseed, sunflower seeds, potatoes, soybeans, pork (2023)
Exports - partners
Germany 20%, Czechia 10%, Hungary 7%, USA 6%, Poland 6% (2023)
Imports - partners
Germany 16%, Czechia 14%, Poland 8%, China 7%, Hungary 6% (2023)

Government

Government type
parliamentary republic
Capital
Bratislava
Independence
1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia)
Constitution
several previous (pre-independence); latest passed by the National Council 1 September 1992, signed 3 September 1992, effective 1 October 1992
Executive branch
President Peter PELLEGRINI (since 15 June 2024)
Legislative branch
National Council (Narodna rada Slovenskej republiky)

Full reference data

Every field, by section — CIA World Factbook. Open a topic to expand it.

Introduction
Background
Slovakia traces its roots to the 9th century state of Great Moravia. The Slovaks then became part of the Hungarian Kingdom, where they remained for the next 1,000 years. After the formation of the dual Austro-Hungarian monarchy in 1867, language and education policies favoring the use of Hungarian (known as "Magyarization") led to a public backlash that boosted Slovak nationalism and strengthened Slovak cultural ties with the closely related Czechs, who fell administratively under the Austrian half of the empire. When the Austro-Hungarian Empire dissolved at the end of World War I, the Slovaks joined the Czechs to form Czechoslovakia. During the interwar period, Slovak nationalist leaders pushed for autonomy within Czechoslovakia, and in 1939, in the wake of Germany's annexation of the Sudetenland, the newly established Slovak Republic became a German client state for the remainder of World War II. After World War II, Czechoslovakia was reconstituted and came under communist rule within Soviet-dominated Eastern Europe. In 1968, Warsaw Pact troops invaded and ended the efforts of Czechoslovakia's leaders to liberalize communist rule and create "socialism with a human face," ushering in a period of repression known as "normalization." The peaceful Velvet Revolution swept the Communist Party from power at the end of 1989 and inaugurated a return to democratic rule and a market economy. On 1 January 1993, Czechoslovakia underwent a nonviolent "velvet divorce" into its two national components, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. Slovakia joined both NATO and the EU in 2004 and the euro zone in 2009.
Travel Facts
US State Dept Travel Advisory
The US Department of State currently recommends US citizens exercise normal precautions in Slovakia. Consult its website via the link below for updates to travel advisories and statements on safety, security, local laws, and special circumstances in this country. https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories.html
Passport/Visa Requirements
US citizens should make sure their passport will not expire for at least 6 months after they enter the country even if they do not intend to stay that long. They should also make sure they have at least 1 blank page in their passport for any entry stamp that will be required. A visa is not required as long as the stay is less than 90 days.
US Embassy/Consulate
+(421) (2) 5443-0861 or +(421) (2) 5443-3338; EMER: +(421) 903-703-666; US Embassy Bratislava, 814 99 Bratislava, Slovakia; consulbratislava@state.gov; https://sk.usembassy.gov/
Telephone Code
421
Local Emergency Phone
Ambulance: 155; Fire: 150; Police; 158
Vaccinations
See WHO recommendations http://www.who.int/
Climate
Temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters
Currency (Code)
Euros (EUR)
Electricity/Voltage/Plug Type(s)
230 V / 50 Hz / plug types(s): C, E
Major Languages
Slovak, Hungarian, Roma, Ruthenian
Major Religions
Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 8.2%, Greek Catholic 3.8%
Time Difference
UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time); daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Potable Water
Yes
International Driving Permit
Suggested
Road Driving Side
Right
Tourist Destinations
Spis Castle; Slovak Paradise National Park; Pieniny Mountains; Demanovska Cave of Liberty; Vychodna Folklore Festival; Bratislava Castle; Tatra Mountains; Levoca
Major Sports
Soccer, ice hockey, cycling, hiking, soccer
Cultural Practices
Always wait to be invited before using someone’s first name. If you are invited to a Slovak’s home, take wine, flowers, or good quality chocolates for the hostess.
Tipping Guidelines
A tip of 10-20% is expected in restaurants. In other settings, tipping is expected only from tourists. In such cases, either round up a bill or leave 10% of the total.
Souvenirs
Cornhusk dolls and puppets, glass and crystal, musical instruments, woodcarvings, pottery and porcelain, hand-embroidered cloth, chocolate, cheese, ginger desserts, wine and brandy
Traditional Cuisine
Bryndzové halušky — small boiled dumplings made from grated potato, flour, and egg then covered in a special sheep’s cheese and topped with bacon bits and drippings
CIA source last updated
Wednesday, October 05, 2022
Travel resources

Please visit the following links to find further information about your desired destination.

World Health Organization (WHO) - To learn what vaccines and health precautions to take while visiting your destination.

US State Dept Travel Information - Overall information about foreign travel for US citizens.

To obtain an international driving permit (IDP). Only two organizations in the US issue IDPs: American Automobile Association (AAA) and American Automobile Touring Alliance (AATA)

How to get help in an emergency? Contact the nearest US embassy or consulate, or call one of these numbers: from the US or Canada - 1-888-407-4747 or from Overseas - +1 202-501-4444

Page last updated: Wednesday, October 05, 2022

Geography
Location
Central Europe, south of Poland
Geographic coordinates
48 40 N, 19 30 E
Map references
Europe
Area - total
49,035 sq km
Area - land
48,105 sq km
Area - water
930 sq km
Area - comparative
about 1.5 times the size of Maryland; about twice the size of New Hampshire
Land boundaries - total
1,587 km
Land boundaries - border countries
Austria 105 km; Czechia 241 km; Hungary 627 km; Poland 517 km; Ukraine 97 km
Coastline
0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims
none (landlocked)
Climate
temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters
Terrain
rugged mountains in the central and northern part and lowlands in the south
Elevation - highest point
Gerlachovsky Stit 2,655 m
Elevation - lowest point
Bodrok River 94 m
Elevation - mean elevation
458 m
Natural resources
lignite, small amounts of iron ore, copper and manganese ore; salt; arable land
Land use - agricultural land
38% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 27.2% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0.4% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 10.4% (2023 est.)
Land use - forest
40.3% (2023 est.)
Land use - other
21.4% (2023 est.)
Irrigated land
259 sq km (2022)
Major rivers (by length in km)
Dunaj (Danube) (shared with Germany [s], Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Moldova, and Romania [m]) - 2,888 km note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
Major watersheds (area sq km) - Atlantic Ocean drainage
(Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)
Population distribution
a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country; slightly larger concentration in the west in proximity to the Czech border
Natural hazards
flooding
Geography - note
landlocked; most of the country is rugged and mountainous; the Tatra Mountains in the north are interspersed with many scenic lakes and valleys
People and Society
Population - total
5,563,649 (2024 est.)
Population - male
2,684,747
Population - female
2,878,902
Nationality - noun
Slovak(s)
Nationality - adjective
Slovak
Ethnic groups
Slovak 83.8%, Hungarian 7.8%, Romani 1.2%, other 1.8% (includes Czech, Ruthenian, Ukrainian, Russian, German, Polish), unspecified 5.4% (2021 est.)
Ethnic groups - note
note: data represent population by nationality; Romani populations are usually underestimated in official statistics and may represent 7–11% of Slovakia's population
Languages - Languages
Slovak (official) 81.8%, Hungarian 8.5%, Roma 1.8%, other 2.2%, unspecified 5.7% (2021 est.)
Languages - major-language sample(s)
Svetova Kniha Faktov, nenahraditelny zdroj zakladnej informacie. (Slovak) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Roman Catholic 55.8%, Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession 5.3%, Greek Catholic 4%, Reformed Christian 1.6%, other 3%, none 23.8%, unspecified 6.5% (2021 est.)
Age structure - 0-14 years
15.3% (male 444,033/female 408,902)
Age structure - 15-64 years
66.5% (male 1,834,359/female 1,867,158)
Age structure - 65 years and over
18.1% (2024 est.) (male 406,355/female 602,842)
Dependency ratios - total dependency ratio
50.3 (2024 est.)
Dependency ratios - youth dependency ratio
23 (2024 est.)
Dependency ratios - elderly dependency ratio
27.3 (2024 est.)
Dependency ratios - potential support ratio
3.7 (2024 est.)
Median age - total
43.1 years (2025 est.)
Median age - male
41.3 years
Median age - female
44.4 years
Population growth rate
-0.07% (2025 est.)
Birth rate
9.77 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
11.18 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Net migration rate
0.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Population distribution
a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country; slightly larger concentration in the west in proximity to the Czech border
Urbanization - urban population
54% of total population (2023)
Urbanization - rate of urbanization
0.17% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas - population
441,000 BRATISLAVA (capital) (2023)
Sex ratio - at birth
1.07 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - 0-14 years
1.09 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - 15-64 years
0.98 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - 65 years and over
0.67 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - total population
0.93 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
27.2 years (2020 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
4 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Infant mortality rate - total
5 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
Infant mortality rate - male
5.7 deaths/1,000 live births
Infant mortality rate - female
4.5 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population
77.2 years (2024 est.)
Life expectancy at birth - male
73.7 years
Life expectancy at birth - female
81 years
Total fertility rate
1.6 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.77 (2025 est.)
Drinking water source - improved: urban
urban: 99.6% of population (2022 est.)
Drinking water source - improved: rural
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Drinking water source - improved: total
total: 99.8% of population (2022 est.)
Drinking water source - unimproved: urban
urban: 0.4% of population (2022 est.)
Drinking water source - unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Drinking water source - unimproved: total
total: 0.2% of population (2022 est.)
Health expenditure - Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
7.8% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure - Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
14.6% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
3.7 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Hospital bed density
5.7 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)
Sanitation facility access - improved: urban
urban: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility access - improved: rural
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility access - improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility access - unimproved: urban
urban: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility access - unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility access - unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
20.5% (2016)
Alcohol consumption per capita - total
10.3 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita - beer
4.14 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita - wine
2.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita - spirits
4.14 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita - other alcohols
0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Tobacco use - total
30.3% (2025 est.)
Tobacco use - male
34.5% (2025 est.)
Tobacco use - female
26.3% (2025 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
49.2% (2023 est.)
Education expenditure - Education expenditure (% GDP)
4.7% of GDP (2022 est.)
Education expenditure - Education expenditure (% national budget)
11% national budget (2022 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) - total
15 years (2023 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) - male
15 years (2023 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) - female
16 years (2023 est.)
Government
Country name - conventional long form
Slovak Republic
Country name - conventional short form
Slovakia
Country name - local long form
Slovenska republika
Country name - local short form
Slovensko
Country name - etymology
the country takes its name from the local Slav ethnic group; the origin of the group's name is unclear, although early forms were used in Medieval Latin (Sclavus) and Byzantine Greek (Sklabos)
Government type
parliamentary republic
Capital - name
Bratislava
Capital - geographic coordinates
48 09 N, 17 07 E
Capital - time difference
UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Capital - daylight saving time
+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Capital - etymology
the meaning is unclear but has medieval Slavic origins; the name was adopted in 1919 after Czechoslovakia gained its independence, replacing the name Prešporok
Administrative divisions
8 regions ( kraje , singular - kraj ); Banska Bystrica, Bratislava, Kosice, Nitra, Presov, Trencin, Trnava, Zilina
Legal system
civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes
Constitution - history
several previous (pre-independence); latest passed by the National Council 1 September 1992, signed 3 September 1992, effective 1 October 1992
Constitution - amendment process
proposed by the National Council; passage requires at least three-fifths majority vote of Council members
International law organization participation
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Citizenship - citizenship by birth
no
Citizenship - citizenship by descent only
at least one parent must be a citizen of Slovakia
Citizenship - dual citizenship recognized
no
Citizenship - residency requirement for naturalization
5 years
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch - chief of state
President Peter PELLEGRINI (since 15 June 2024)
Executive branch - head of government
Prime Minister Robert FICO (since 25 October 2023)
Executive branch - cabinet
Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
Executive branch - election/appointment process
president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); following National Council elections, the president designates a prime minister candidate, usually the leader of the party or coalition that wins the most votes, who must win a vote of confidence in the National Council
Executive branch - most recent election date
23 March 2024, with a runoff on 6 April 2024
Executive branch - election results
2024: Peter PELLEGRINI elected president in the second round; percent of vote in second round Peter PELLEGRINI 53.1%; Ivan KORCOK 46.9%; percent of vote in first round - Ivan KORCOK (independent) 42.5%; Peter PELLEGRINI (Hlas-SD) 37%; Stefan HARABIN (independent) 11.7%, other 8.8%; 2019: Zuzana CAPUTOVA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Zuzana CAPUTOVA (PS) 58.4%, Maros SEFCOVIC (independent) 41.6%
Executive branch - expected date of next election
2029
Legislative branch - legislature name
National Council (Narodna rada Slovenskej republiky)
Legislative branch - legislative structure
unicameral
Legislative branch - chamber name
National Council (Národná rada)
Legislative branch - number of seats
150 (all directly elected)
Legislative branch - electoral system
proportional representation
Legislative branch - scope of elections
full renewal
Legislative branch - term in office
4 years
Legislative branch - most recent election date
9/30/2023
Legislative branch - parties elected and seats per party
Smer - Social Democracy (Smer-SD) (42); Progressive Slovakia (PS) (32); Hlas (“Voice”) - SD (27); Coalition OĽaNO and Friends, 'For the People' and 'Christian Union' (16); Christian Democratic Movement (KDH) (12); Freedom and Solidarity (SaS) (11); Slovak National Party (SNS) (10)
Legislative branch - percentage of women in chamber
23.3%
Legislative branch - expected date of next election
September 2027
Judicial branch - highest court(s)
Supreme Court of the Slovak Republic (consists of the court president, vice president, and approximately 80 judges organized into criminal, civil, commercial, and administrative divisions with 3- and 5-judge panels); Constitutional Court of the Slovak Republic (consists of 13 judges organized into 3-judge panels)
Judicial branch - judge selection and term of office
Supreme Court judge candidates nominated by the Judicial Council of the Slovak Republic, an 18-member self-governing body that includes the Supreme Court chief justice and presidential, governmental, parliamentary, and judiciary appointees; judges appointed by the president serve for life, subject to removal by the president at age 65; Constitutional Court judges nominated by the National Council of the Republic and appointed by the president; judges serve 12-year terms
Judicial branch - subordinate courts
regional and district civil courts; Special Criminal Court; Higher Military Court; military district courts; Court of Audit
Political parties
Direction - Social Democracy or SMER-SD Freedom and Solidarity or SaS Progressive Slovakia or PS Republic Slovakia The Slovak National Party or SNS The Christian Democratic Movement or KDH Voice - Social Democracy or HLAS-SD
Diplomatic representation in the US - chief of mission
Ambassador Andrej DROBA (since 16 December 2025)
Diplomatic representation in the US - chancery
3523 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008
Diplomatic representation in the US - telephone
[1] (202) 237-1054
Diplomatic representation in the US - FAX
[1] (202) 237-6438
Diplomatic representation in the US - email address and website
emb.washington@mzv.sk https://www.mzv.sk/web/washington-en
Diplomatic representation in the US - consulate(s) general
New York
Diplomatic representation from the US - chief of mission
Ambassador Gautam A. RANA (since 28 September 2022)
Diplomatic representation from the US - embassy
P.O. Box 309, 814 99 Bratislava
Diplomatic representation from the US - mailing address
5840 Bratislava Place, Washington DC 20521-5840
Diplomatic representation from the US - telephone
[421] (2) 5443-3338
Diplomatic representation from the US - FAX
[421] (2) 5441-8861
Diplomatic representation from the US - email address and website
consulbratislava@state.gov https://sk.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Independence
1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia)
National holiday
Constitution Day, 1 September (1992)
Flag
description: three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red; the national coat of arms (a red shield bordered in white, with a white double-barred cross of St. Cyril and St. Methodius on top of three blue hills) is centered over the bands but offset to the left meaning: white, blue, and red are the pan-Slav colors
Flag - note
note: the pan-Slav colors were inspired by Russia's flag
National symbol(s)
double-barred cross (Cross of St. Cyril and St. Methodius) over three peaks
National color(s)
white, blue, red
National anthem(s) - title
"Nad Tatrou sa blyska" (Storm Over the Tatras)
National anthem(s) - lyrics/music
Janko MATUSKA/traditional
National anthem(s) - history
adopted 1993; music based on an 1843 Slovak folk song "Kopala studienku" (She Was Digging a Well)
National heritage - total World Heritage Sites
8 (6 cultural, 2 natural)
National heritage - selected World Heritage Site locales
Historic Town of Banská Štiavnica (c); Levoča, Spišský Hrad, and the Associated Cultural Monuments (c); Vlkolínec (c); Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst (n); Bardejov Town (c); Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians (n); Wooden Churches of the Slovak Carpathians (c); Frontiers of the Roman Empire - The Danube Limes (Western Segment) (c)
Economy
Economic overview
high-income EU and eurozone economy; manufacturing and exports led by automotive sector; growth supported by private consumption and public investment from EU funds, tempered by trade risks; increased taxes and withdrawal of energy subsidies contributing to rising but manageable inflation; strong labor demand and influx of foreign labor offsets aging workforce
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) - Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$218.762 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) - Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$214.343 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) - Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$209.794 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) - note
note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP growth rate - Real GDP growth rate 2024
2.1% (2024 est.)
Real GDP growth rate - Real GDP growth rate 2023
2.2% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate - Real GDP growth rate 2022
0.4% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate - note
note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP per capita - Real GDP per capita 2024
$40,300 (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita - Real GDP per capita 2023
$39,500 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita - Real GDP per capita 2022
$38,600 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita - note
note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate)
$141.776 billion (2024 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate) - note
note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
2.8% (2024 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
10.5% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
12.8% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - note
note: annual % change based on consumer prices
GDP - composition, by sector of origin - agriculture
2% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin - industry
28.5% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin - services
60% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin - note
note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
GDP - composition, by end use - household consumption
58.4% (2023 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - government consumption
20% (2023 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - investment in fixed capital
21.1% (2023 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - investment in inventories
-1.3% (2023 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - exports of goods and services
91.3% (2023 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - imports of goods and services
-89.8% (2023 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - note
note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Agricultural products
wheat, sugar beets, maize, milk, barley, rapeseed, sunflower seeds, potatoes, soybeans, pork (2023)
Agricultural products - note
note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Industries
automobiles; metal and metal products; electricity, gas, coke, oil, nuclear fuel; chemicals, synthetic fibers, wood and paper products; machinery; earthenware and ceramics; textiles; electrical and optical apparatus; rubber products; food and beverages; pharmaceutical
Industrial production growth rate
0.3% (2024 est.)
Industrial production growth rate - note
note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Labor force
2.779 million (2024 est.)
Labor force - note
note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Unemployment rate - Unemployment rate 2024
5.3% (2024 est.)
Unemployment rate - Unemployment rate 2023
5.9% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate - Unemployment rate 2022
6.2% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate - note
note: % of labor force seeking employment
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) - total
18.2% (2024 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) - male
20.1% (2024 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) - female
15% (2024 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) - note
note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Population below poverty line
13.7% (2021 est.)
Population below poverty line - note
note: % of population with income below national poverty line
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income - Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022
24.1 (2022 est.)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income - note
note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
Average household expenditures - on food
19.4% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Average household expenditures - on alcohol and tobacco
4.9% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%
2.8% (2022 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - highest 10%
18.2% (2022 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - note
note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Remittances - Remittances 2024
1.9% of GDP (2024 est.)
Remittances - Remittances 2023
2% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances - Remittances 2022
2% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances - note
note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Budget - revenues
$43.882 billion (2022 est.)
Budget - expenditures
$46.056 billion (2022 est.)
Budget - note
note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenses converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Public debt - Public debt 2022
64.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Public debt - note
note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Taxes and other revenues
19.4% (of GDP) (2022 est.)
Taxes and other revenues - note
note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Current account balance - Current account balance 2024
-$3.895 billion (2024 est.)
Current account balance - Current account balance 2023
-$1.169 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance - Current account balance 2022
-$11.126 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance - note
note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports - Exports 2024
$120.355 billion (2024 est.)
Exports - Exports 2023
$122.04 billion (2023 est.)
Exports - Exports 2022
$114.519 billion (2022 est.)
Exports - note
note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
Germany 20%, Czechia 10%, Hungary 7%, USA 6%, Poland 6% (2023)
Exports - partners - note
note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
cars, vehicle parts/accessories, video displays, broadcasting equipment, refined petroleum (2023)
Exports - commodities - note
note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports - Imports 2024
$120.29 billion (2024 est.)
Imports - Imports 2023
$119.739 billion (2023 est.)
Imports - Imports 2022
$121.473 billion (2022 est.)
Imports - note
note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
Germany 16%, Czechia 14%, Poland 8%, China 7%, Hungary 6% (2023)
Imports - partners - note
note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
vehicle parts/accessories, broadcasting equipment, cars, plastic products, insulated wire (2023)
Imports - commodities - note
note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024
$14.452 billion (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
$11.288 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
$10.28 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - note
note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Exchange rates - Currency
euros (EUR) per US dollar -
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2024
0.924 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2023
0.925 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2022
0.95 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2021
0.845 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2020
0.876 (2020 est.)
Energy
Electricity access - electrification - total population
100% (2022 est.)
Electricity - installed generating capacity
8.138 million kW (2023 est.)
Electricity - consumption
24.18 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity - exports
14.078 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity - imports
10.671 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity - transmission/distribution losses
1.233 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources - fossil fuels
14.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources - nuclear
63.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources - solar
2.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources - hydroelectricity
13.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources - biomass and waste
5.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Nuclear energy - Number of operational nuclear reactors
5 (2025)
Nuclear energy - Number of nuclear reactors under construction
1 (2025)
Nuclear energy - Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors
2.3GW (2025 est.)
Nuclear energy - Percent of total electricity production
61.3% (2023 est.)
Nuclear energy - Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down
3 (2025)
Coal - production
2.315 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Coal - consumption
6.066 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Coal - exports
13,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Coal - imports
3.658 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Coal - proven reserves
19 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Petroleum - total petroleum production
7,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Petroleum - refined petroleum consumption
90,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)
Petroleum - crude oil estimated reserves
9 million barrels (2021 est.)
Natural gas - production
46.585 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Natural gas - consumption
4.277 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Natural gas - imports
4.56 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Natural gas - proven reserves
14.158 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Energy consumption per capita - Total energy consumption per capita 2023
127.582 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Communications
Telephones - fixed lines - total subscriptions
505,000 (2023 est.)
Telephones - fixed lines - subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
9 (2023 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular - total subscriptions
7.63 million (2023 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular - subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
132 (2022 est.)
Broadcast media
state-owned public broadcaster, Radio and Television of Slovakia (RTVS), has 2 national TV stations; roughly 50 privately owned national, regional, and local TV stations; about 40% of households connected to multi-channel cable or satellite TV; multiple RTVS national and regional radio networks; 32 privately owned radio stations
Internet country code
.sk
Internet users - percent of population
90% (2024 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions - total
1.83 million (2023 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions - subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
33 (2023 est.)
Transportation
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
OM
Airports
116 (2025)
Heliports
2 (2025)
Railways - total
3,627 km (2020) 1,585 km electrified
Military and Security
Military and security forces
Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic (Ozbrojene Sily Slovenskej Republiky): Ground Forces (Slovenské Pozemné Sily), Air Forces (Slovenské Vzdušné Sily), Special Operations Forces (Sily Pre Speciálne Operácie) Ministry of Interior: Slovak Police Force (SPF or Policajný Zbor) (2025)
Military and security forces - note
note: the SPF has sole responsibility for internal and border security
Military expenditures - Military Expenditures 2025
2% of GDP (2025 est.)
Military expenditures - Military Expenditures 2024
2% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military expenditures - Military Expenditures 2023
1.8% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military expenditures - Military Expenditures 2022
1.8% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military expenditures - Military Expenditures 2021
1.7% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military and security service personnel strengths
approximately 17,000 active-duty military personnel (2025)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the military's inventory is a mix of domestically produced, Soviet-era, and more modern/NATO-compatible armaments from suppliers such as Germany and the US (2025)
Military service age and obligation
minimum age is 18 for voluntary service for men and women; citizens 18-65 can volunteer for the military reserves (2026)
Military deployments
200 Cyprus (UNFICYP); up to 150 Latvia (NATO) (2025)
Military - note
the Slovak military is responsible for external defense and fulfilling Slovakia’s commitments to European and international security; Slovakia has been a member of both the EU and NATO since 2004; a key focus of the Slovak military is fulfilling the country’s security responsibilities to NATO, including modernizing and acquiring NATO-compatible equipment, participating in training exercises, and providing forces for security missions such as NATO’s Enhanced Forward Presence in the Baltic States; since 2022, Slovakia has hosted a multinational NATO ground force battlegroup as part of the NATO effort to boost the defenses of Eastern Europe since the Russian invasion of Ukraine; Slovakia also contributes to EU and UN peacekeeping missions the Slovak Air Force has only a handful of fighter aircraft and is assisted by NATO’s air policing mission over Slovakia, which includes fighter aircraft from Czechia and Poland; in 2022, Slovakia signed a defense agreement with the US that allows the US to use two Slovak military air bases (2025)
Transnational Issues
Refugees and internally displaced persons - refugees
144,349 (2024 est.)
Refugees and internally displaced persons - stateless persons
65 (2024 est.)
Environment
Environmental issues
air pollution and acid rain; land erosion from agricultural and mining practices; water pollution
International environmental agreements - party to
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling
International environmental agreements - signed, but not ratified
Antarctic-Environmental Protection
Climate
temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters
Land use - agricultural land
38% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 27.2% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0.4% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 10.4% (2023 est.)
Land use - forest
40.3% (2023 est.)
Land use - other
21.4% (2023 est.)
Urbanization - urban population
54% of total population (2023)
Urbanization - rate of urbanization
0.17% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions - total emissions
30.087 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions - from coal and metallurgical coke
9.607 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions - from petroleum and other liquids
12.112 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions - from consumed natural gas
8.368 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
16.6 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Waste and recycling - municipal solid waste generated annually
2.296 million tons (2024 est.)
Waste and recycling - percent of municipal solid waste recycled
13.2% (2022 est.)
Total water withdrawal - municipal
306.21 million cubic meters (2022)
Total water withdrawal - industrial
224.562 million cubic meters (2022)
Total water withdrawal - agricultural
32.851 million cubic meters (2022)
Total renewable water resources
50.1 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Geoparks - total global geoparks and regional networks
1
Geoparks - global geoparks and regional networks
Novohrad-Nógrád (includes Hungary) (2023)
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