118-hr-2670118th CongressWALLET

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024

Sponsored By: Representative Rogers, Mike D. [R-AL-3]

Became Law

Summary

This law combines wide-ranging spending authorizations with sweeping defense policy changes to modernize and fund the U.S. military and defense industrial base. It pairs FY2024 procurement and construction authorizations with acquisition reforms, industrial‑base protections, force‑structure rules, and new alliance authorities.

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Bill Overview

Analyzed Economic Effects

393 provisions identified: 310 benefits, 25 costs, 58 mixed.

2024 funding for military health care

The law funds the Defense Health Program for FY2024 with about $38.3 billion for in‑house care, private‑sector care, and support. DoD will also transfer $172 million to support operations at the Captain James A. Lovell Federal Health Care Center, a joint DoD‑VA facility. This keeps care running for service members, retirees, and families.

More funding for WTC health program

The law deposits $444 million into the World Trade Center Health Program Special Fund for FY2024. It also deposits $232 million into the Pentagon/Shanksville Fund for FY2024. These funds are available through FY2033 for eligible responders, with Pentagon/Shanksville funds available without further appropriation for specified care.

Housing allowance for Navy civilians in Guam

If you are a covered Navy civilian on permanent duty in Guam and no free government quarters are provided, the Navy may give you a living quarters allowance for rent and utilities. It can pay by reimbursement or advance. In unusual cases with prior approval and a justified lease, it may reimburse necessary initial repairs or improvements to a private rental.

Bigger support for military health students

Health Professions Scholarship Program stipends rise to $50,000 per year. Nurse officer candidate signing bonuses double to $40,000 for the top tier and $20,000 for the lower tier. These increases take effect upon enactment.

Extra overtime pay for GS-12 agents

If you are a GS-12 Border Patrol agent, you receive a special overtime payment for certain credited hours. The payment equals credited hours times 50% of your hourly basic pay, rounded to the nearest cent. Usual overtime limits still apply, and no payment is made for specific absence periods.

Higher payments for maritime students

State maritime academy Student Incentive Payments double. One level rises from $8,000 to $16,000, and the higher tier rises from $32,000 to $64,000. These amounts apply on enactment.

Air and Space Force plan through 2050

The Air Force must design a force plan for the Air Force and Space Force through 2050 by August 31, 2024. The plan covers concepts, capabilities, human capital, and structure. The Air Force must send a summary and brief Congress within 60 days after finishing the plan.

Bigger Navy goal and mariner workforce plan

U.S. policy sets a goal of at least 355 battle force ships as soon as practicable, subject to funding. A working group will count credentialed mariners, find gaps for mobilization, and recommend fixes. The group reports to Congress within one year and then disbands.

Congress must approve any NATO exit

The President cannot suspend, terminate, or withdraw the U.S. from NATO without approval by two‑thirds of the Senate or a law passed by Congress. The President must notify key committees at least 180 days before any such action. No federal funds can support a NATO exit unless Congress approves.

Israel stockpiles and munitions reviews

The law extends authorities to support Israel’s war reserve stockpile and transfers of precision‑guided munitions through January 1, 2027. The Defense Secretary, with the Secretary of State, must assess precision‑guided munitions needs within 180 days and then yearly through December 31, 2027. Each assessment must be sent to Congress within 15 days. Separate reports every 180 days through December 31, 2027 must describe actions to pre‑position, increase, or address shortfalls.

Military construction funds and base utilities

The law funds Air Force construction projects after September 30, 2023, including Eglin ($15.5 million), MacDill ($148 million), Tyndall ($252 million), Robins ($115 million), Guam ($411 million), and Ellsworth ($235 million). It authorizes about $5.31 billion for Navy and Marine Corps construction in FY2024. Military construction titles take effect on the later of October 1, 2023 or enactment. The Navy can spend up to $48 million per year to move Kalaeloa customers off its utility and upgrade local systems, with progress reports every 180 days.

New interceptor for hypersonic threats

The Missile Defense Agency must field a Glide Phase Interceptor. Initial capability with at least 12 missiles is due by December 31, 2029. Full capability with at least 24 missiles is due by December 31, 2032. The system must work with space or ground sensors and can involve partner nations.

Nuclear security projects: deadlines and cyber plan

Two NNSA facilities must start operations by set deadlines: Dec. 31, 2034 (High Explosive facility) and Dec. 31, 2036 (Tritium Finishing). NNSA must include a milestones schedule for covered construction projects in its FY2025 plan and beyond. A new NNSA working group must map cyber risks, brief within 120 days, and deliver a full strategy by April 1, 2025 with goals through 2034.

Sea-launched nuclear cruise missile program

DoD must start a program for a nuclear‑armed, sea‑launched cruise missile and designate it a major program within 90 days. The W80‑4 ALT warhead project begins, with Navy leadership and regular joint briefings to Congress. Initial operational capability is targeted by September 30, 2034. Congress must approve any full‑rate production.

Sentinel oversight and ICBM readiness plan

The Air Force must deliver an approved Sentinel program master schedule within 30 days, brief monthly until January 1, 2029, and report delays over one quarter. The Under Secretary must certify long‑term sustainment for key guidance components before Milestone C. DoD may use cost‑plus incentive‑fee contracts for one lot at each of F.E. Warren, Malmstrom, and Minot. Within 90 days, the Air Force must plan to cut the time to upload extra ICBM warheads and brief Congress.

Updated missile defense policy, keep 400 ICBMs

The law updates national missile defense policy to pursue layered defenses against complex missile threats and to rely on nuclear deterrence for near‑peer long‑range threats. For FY2024, DoD may not reduce ICBM alert levels or cut deployed ICBMs below 400, except for safety, sustainment, or the Minuteman III–to‑Sentinel transition. GAO oversight of missile defense programs is extended through 2030–2031 and broadened.

US–Israel missile defense co-production funds

For FY2024, DoD may provide up to $80 million for Iron Dome parts, $40 million for David’s Sling, and $80 million for Arrow 3. David’s Sling and Arrow 3 require a one‑for‑one Israeli cash match and at least 50% U.S. co‑production. DoD must submit required certifications at least 30 days before spending.

Military pay and retiree health funded

The law funds military pay and personnel costs for FY2024. It also funds contributions for Medicare‑eligible retiree health care in FY2024. This keeps paychecks and benefits flowing.

AUKUS plan and faster allied exports

DoD must name a senior AUKUS official and file an implementation plan within 90 days, then brief Congress twice a year through 2029. The President must, within 120 days, certify if the UK or Australia have comparable export controls and, if so, exempt some defense trade from U.S. licensing, with limits, reporting, and a 15‑year sunset. The President must also list pre‑cleared systems for sale to Australia, the UK, and Canada within 90 days and every two years for eight years.

Defense budget flexibility and transparency

The Secretary of Defense can move up to $6 billion of FY2024 authorizations between accounts, excluding moves between title IV personnel accounts. Transfers must fund higher‑priority items and may not fund items Congress denied; Congress must be notified. Each year, DoD must send a machine‑readable report within 30 days after the President’s budget showing program changes from prior plans. If Congress provides money, DoD may also grant economic price adjustments on contracts, following FAR rules; guidance is due within 30 days.

F‑35 upgrades and test jets

The Air Force and Navy must set and validate propulsion and cooling needs for F‑35 upgrades. A cost and risk analysis and an independent cost estimate go to Congress by July 1, 2024. The law also requires six Block 4 test aircraft (two A, two B, two C) to be bought from Lot 19 or later and delivered by the end of 2030.

Foreign threat reduction and cyber help

The Cooperative Threat Reduction program gets $350.999 million for FY2024, with funds usable through FY2026 for specific missions like biological threat reduction and proliferation prevention. The State Department is authorized $150 million over five years starting Oct. 1, 2023 to help partner nations improve cybersecurity and trusted digital systems, with yearly justifications.

Higher caps for Syria and ISIS projects

Aid to vetted Syrian groups runs through December 31, 2024 with a per‑project cap raised to $6 million. After a presidential waiver, DoD can lift a project’s cost up to the notified estimate plus 50%, with notice and a 15‑day wait. For counter‑ISIS aid, the per‑transaction limit is $6 million, and $241.95 million is authorized for FY2024. These authorities also run through December 31, 2024.

Major 2024 military construction funding

The law authorizes specific FY2024 construction at Army, Army Reserve, Air National Guard, and Air Force Reserve sites. Examples: March Air Reserve Base gets $226.5 million; Joint Region Marianas (Guam) gets $27 million; Ebbing ANGB gets $75.989 million; Portland International Airport gets $79 million. Army projects total about $1.912 billion (amounts in thousands). The total cost is capped by the funding table in section 4601.

Major military base construction funded

The law funds many Army, Navy, and Defense Agency construction projects. Money flows after September 30, 2023, as listed in the funding table. Examples include Naval Base Guam ($950.656 billion), Fort Meade ($885 million), Fort Liberty ($253 million), and energy upgrades like Lake City ($80.1 million). Projects use the cited appropriation authorities and follow section 4601.

More funding for nuclear security

The law authorizes $24.049 billion for nuclear security programs at the Department of Energy in FY2024. This is higher than the $23.845 billion request. The funding supports national security work, labs, and contractors.

More funding for nuclear weapons programs

NNSA Weapons Activities are funded at $19.12 billion in FY2024. The Savannah River Plutonium Processing Facility also receives a $142 million program increase.

Navy shipbuilding and sea‑lift capacity

The Navy can sign multiyear deals for up to 13 Virginia‑class subs, with early parts buying starting in FY2024. It can use step‑funded contracts for a San Antonio‑class ship and a submarine tender; payments depend on future appropriations and termination costs are limited to funds obligated. DoD will also report on used sealift ships within 180 days and on U.S. ship scrapping capacity within one year.

Nuclear security facilities and oversight

NNSA can fund several new plant projects, such as $80 million for Nevada test bed improvements and $48.5 million for facilities at Los Alamos. The plutonium modernization program must follow GAO best practices for schedules and cost estimates within 570 days.

More money for Medicare improvements

The law raises the Medicare Improvement Fund from $466,795,056 to $2,250,795,056. This money supports improvements to Medicare that can help beneficiaries and providers. The change takes effect upon enactment. It does not change who qualifies for Medicare.

More funding for maritime academies in 2024

FY2024 funding includes $198.5 million for the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy for operations, capital projects, maintenance, and training. It also provides $66.58 million for State maritime academies for student incentives, direct payments, fuel help, ship sharing offsets, and vessel repairs.

AUKUS subs and faster allied exports

The President can accept Australian funds into a Treasury account for submarine workforce and infrastructure, with advance plans and regular reports. Starting one year after enactment, the President may sell up to two Virginia‑class submarines to Australia, plus one more within 20 years. Australia pays U.S. transfer costs, and strict certifications and agreements apply. State and DoD must start rulemaking within 180 days to speed export license decisions to Australia, the UK, and Canada. Government cases must be decided in 30 days; other eligible cases in 45 days.

Eight-year service for Marine cyber officers

If you finish direct‑accession Marine Corps cyberspace officer training, you owe eight years of service. For reservists, time in an active status in the Selected Reserve counts toward the eight years.

Joint-qualified needed for Space Force general

Space Force officers generally must be joint‑qualified to be promoted to brigadier general. The Defense Secretary may grant limited waivers in listed cases. If a “good of the service” waiver is granted, the next job must be a joint duty assignment.

Defense travel and O&M funds held

The law holds back parts of FY2024 defense travel and operations money until required plans and reports are sent to Congress. Examples: the Army may not use more than 70% of travel funds until it submits the Future Attack Reconnaissance Aircraft study; the Policy office may not use more than 35% of its O&M funds until GAO confirms full cooperation; Research and Engineering travel is capped at 90% until a hypersonics strategy is submitted; CAPE O&M is capped at 50% until a required report is delivered; Personnel and Readiness travel is capped at 93% until the CIO certifies the travel system strategy; Navy travel is capped at 50% until it reports on the National Defense Reserve Fleet plan; DSCA’s International Security Cooperation Program is capped at 85% until strategies are submitted. These holds lift when each condition is met.

Independent audits for every DoD component

Each DoD component must get an independent audit in FY2024 and for nine years after. If a component is not audited, 1.5% of its unobligated funds are cancelled and returned to the Treasury. Military pay, reserves, National Guard pay, and the Defense Health Program are exempt from the cut.

Shipbuilding and munitions money held for plans

The Navy must send a 30‑year shipbuilding plan with the FY2025 budget that keeps 31 amphibious warships, or more than 50% of certain FY2024 Navy O&M funds stay on hold. No more than 30% of FY2024 money for destroying anti‑personnel landmines can be used until a detailed report is sent, except for unsafe munitions; an R&D briefing is also required within 180 days. The Navy may not use more than 85% of some FY2024 acquisition funds until it submits a study on speeding Harpoon deliveries to partners. The nuclear security office may not use more than 50% of relevant FY2024 funds until it submits a spend plan for the sea‑launched cruise missile warhead.

Higher U.S.-content rules for defense parts

Big defense buys must meet higher U.S.‑content levels: over 65% from 2024–2028 and over 75% starting January 1, 2029. DoD must also set a fallback rule within 180 days for items with at least 55% U.S. content if costs are unreasonable or no offers come in. That fallback ends January 1, 2031. Articles made mostly of iron or steel are excluded. Some allied countries are exempt under procurement agreements.

New Space Force service and training rules

During a multi-year transition, the Secretary moves Regular Space Force members into “space force active status” and may order sustained duty without consent. If Congress says more space units are needed, members not on active duty can be ordered to active duty and kept as needed. Members not on sustained duty must meet yearly training: either 48 drills plus 14 days of active duty, or up to 30 days of active-duty-for-training. Original enlistments can be 2–8 years or last until age 18; transfers from the Air Force Reserve to the Space Force need consent. Leaving active status early puts you in inactive status and you can still be recalled unless you are in the Individual Ready Guardian category. The law also explains how each Space Force duty status counts for pay and benefits. The transition ends on the last day of the fourth fiscal year after enactment.

Reservists can be called up for cyber crises

The Secretary of Defense can order Selected Reserve members to active duty for up to 365 consecutive days without consent to respond to certain cyber incidents. Covered incidents include DoD or DHS breaches likely to cause harm, incidents the President deems likely to cause harm, and major declared incidents. This can disrupt civilian work and family schedules but supports national response.

Space Force officer career and promotion rules

The law sets mandatory retirement timing: lieutenant colonels not on a promotion list retire after 28 years and colonels after 30 years. The President can cancel a Space Force brigadier general promotion within 18 months. The Air Force must cap how many officers a board can recommend, and an officer is treated as accepting promotion unless they decline; no new oath is needed if service is continuous. Names come off a promotion list if the Senate does not consent or if 18 months pass (with up to a 12‑month extension). When a Space Force general leaves a matching job, the Air Force has 60 days to move them to retirement, inactive status, reappoint them to a lower grade, or discharge them. Officers discharged or retired under this chapter get separation or retired pay if eligible. Up to 20 people a year can get constructive service credit toward original appointment, but not beyond what is needed for colonel eligibility.

Space Force retirement and retention aligned

Space Force officers now use the same retirement‑for‑years‑of‑service rules as Regular Air Force officers. Selective early retirement and continuation/retention authorities also apply the same way. Rules for finishing disciplinary actions and delaying retirement for medical reasons also apply to Space Force officers.

Intel funding, faster Iran alerts, contractor clearances

The Intelligence Community Management Account gets $645.9 million for FY2024, plus classified amounts. The DNI must notify Congress within 48 hours if Iran enriches uranium over 60% or makes a major enrichment jump or quantity. A program lets contractors designate extra people to apply for clearances, but the IC will not pay those clearance costs. DoD must also review whether any biotech firms should be listed as tied to China’s military.

Stronger jamming protection for military radios

DoD must set requirements to protect radars, navigation, and communications from jamming and spoofing. Each covered system must be tested at least once every four years, with top‑priority tests done by the end of FY2025. Systems that fail must be fixed within three years and retested within four. Annual reports are required with the President’s budget for FY2025–FY2030.

Alternative promotion path for officers

Military department secretaries can set an alternative promotion system for certain officer groups. They must report to Congress and wait 60 days before using it. Under this system, officers can get up to five chances for promotion consideration.

Army pilot for civilian cyber reserve

The Army can run a pilot Civilian Cybersecurity Reserve to help on cyber missions. It cannot start until the Army submits a plan, briefs Congress, and issues guidance. Members are vetted, sign agreements, and get clearances paid by the Army. Current Federal employees and Selected Reserve members cannot join. GAO evaluates within three years, and the pilot ends four years after it starts.

Help for troops discharged over COVID shots

If you were discharged only for refusing a COVID‑19 vaccine, DoD must tell you how to seek reinstatement within six months of enactment. A review board must also grant your request to review how your discharge was characterized. These steps can help restore status and benefits.

More visas for certain government employees

Starting in FY2024, up to 3,500 visas are available for certain government‑employee special immigrants when other visas are not immediately available. For FY2025 and each year after, up to 3,000 visas are available. These caps set the yearly total for that group.

Promotion rules updated for officers

More medical and dental officers can be promoted when needed for medical readiness. Warrant officers approved to transfer can be placed on the new component’s promotion list, and dates of rank can be adjusted. Promotion boards’ second‑look results must be released publicly, which triggers related rules. For Space Force, temporary promotion caps are set: captain 5, major 20, lieutenant colonel 10, colonel 5.

Faster, clearer passport help for travelers

The State Department modernizes the online passport status tool within two years to show each step, your receipt date, and an estimate of time left. It must send Congress a 90‑day plan to tell the public about the tool and wait times. You get a reminder at least one year before your passport expires. The Department can directly hire up to 80 passport examiners for three years to speed processing. Within 180 days, new travel advisories print on the first three pages of passports. The Department must also report yearly for five years on document authentication volumes and wait times and may hire dedicated staff.

Easier proof for beryllium sensitivity

Energy workers can show beryllium sensitivity with one abnormal test or with three borderline blood tests done over three years. The Advisory Board on Toxic Substances and Worker Health is extended from 10 to 15 years.

First 3 mental health visits free

For eligible TRICARE beneficiaries, the Secretary of Defense can waive cost‑sharing for the first three outpatient mental health visits each year. This applies in TRICARE Prime and Select as the Secretary sets rules. The waiver authority ends five years after enactment.

Funding for Armed Forces Retirement Home

The Armed Forces Retirement Home gets $77 million for FY2024. $68.06 million covers operating costs and $8.94 million covers capital maintenance and construction.

Health follow‑up for Red Hill exposure

DoD must review programs and research for people exposed to petroleum in the Red Hill incident and report within one year, then annually for six more years. DoD must assess within one year if an epidemiological study is feasible. If needed, DoD must notify impacted individuals of interim findings within one year after the assessment.

Higher target funding for DoD child care

DoD raises its target for child care funding to 115% of the prior baseline. This aims to strengthen military child care programs. It does not set a specific dollar amount by itself.

More flexible payments for CIA brain injury care

The CIA can pay Expanded Care benefits for qualifying brain injuries using either dedicated funds or reprogrammed funds. Covered employees do not have to first seek certain other federal benefits to get the paragraph (2) payment. The Director must include needed funds in budget requests and update regulations within 90 days.

More help for abuse survivors in military families

Dependents of a member convicted of dependent abuse and separated can qualify for transitional compensation. Those who receive monthly transitional pay can also get lodging costs for up to 30 days while they receive payments. A senior officer can approve special cases.

More help with military child care

DoD must brief Congress on the five installations with the longest child care waitlists in each service and list closed classrooms due to staffing or maintenance. At least every six months, DoD must run an outreach campaign to explain how to join and check waitlists, how priority works, fees, and other child care options at the duty station.

More support for military child care and counseling

Military families can get short‑term, non‑medical counseling across state lines through the MFLC program for three years after enactment, including telehealth. DoD briefs Congress every six months starting January 31, 2024 on hiring special needs inclusion coordinators at child development centers. The Fort Eisenhower child development center authorization stays active until October 1, 2024 or the FY2025 MILCON law is enacted, whichever is later.

More TRICARE access and plan options

Survivors of a Selected Reserve member can stay on TRICARE Reserve Select for three years instead of six months, starting October 1, 2025. DoD also seeks to expand the TRICARE competitive plans demonstration to at least five locations within one year to test more plan choices.

Naloxone on every base by 2025

By January 1, 2025, naloxone (and similar overdose‑reversal drugs) must be available on all military installations and in operational settings. DoD must track distribution and illegal fentanyl use and brief Congress by June 1, 2025.

Psychedelic trials for PTSD and TBI

DoD must set up funding within 180 days for research on using certain psychedelics to treat PTSD and TBI. Active‑duty members with these diagnoses can join funded clinical trials even if the drugs are controlled. DoD must report results within a year and then yearly for three years.

BAH for junior sailors during shipyard

Junior enlisted without dependents can receive housing allowance when ordered to a ship in shipyard maintenance, if the service sets rules and on‑base quarters are not available. The law also clarifies a dual‑BAH exception for some reserve members called to active duty for 140 to fewer than 365 days.

More money for military family housing

The law funds family housing across the services after September 30, 2023. Air Force: $27 million for Yokota housing, up to $229.282 million for improvements, and up to $7.815 million for design. Army: $90.135 million for Baumholder new construction, $98.6 million for Kwajalein replacement, up to $100 million for improvements, and up to $27.549 million for design. Navy: $290.365 million for Joint Region Marianas housing, up to $57.740 million for improvements, and up to $14.370 million for design.

More oversight of privatized military housing

The Secretary of Defense must carry out each GAO recommendation on privatized military housing within one year or explain why not. A Military Family Housing Working Group meets at least twice a year, invites landlords yearly, and reports annually through July 1, 2029. DoD must add survey questions on housing condition, affordability, and how housing affects reenlistment decisions.

Stronger rights for military renters

Privatized military housing must show if the landlord follows the Tenant Bill of Rights in lease‑extension notices. The Inspector General investigates reprisals. If presented an NDA, tenants get 10 business days to seek a lawyer and cannot be forced to sign before that period ends. New housing enhancement payments require a finding that the landlord follows the Tenant Bill of Rights.

Stronger standards for barracks and dorms

The Defense Department must set design rules for unaccompanied housing, including a minimum floor space per person and no more than two people per unit. It must create uniform habitability, safety, and health standards, with waivers only by a Service Secretary. With each President’s budget, services must certify that needed repairs for occupied barracks are no more than 20% of replacement cost.

2024 bonus and cold‑weather pay rules

From January 1 through December 31, 2024, the Secretary can pay a monthly bonus to service members below E‑6 if economic conditions warrant. The bonus equals a set percentage of the December 31, 2023 basic pay rate. The law also defines a cold‑weather duty location for special duty pay as any station expected to drop below −20°F on the 2012 USDA map.

2024 military bonuses extended

Bonus and special pay authorities now run through December 31, 2024. Continuation pay starts at 7 years of service instead of 8. Reserve members can receive special or incentive pay for identical skills or hazards as regular forces.

Defense fellow jobs and loan help

The McCain Strategic Defense Fellows program is capped at 60 fellows a year and limits any one region to 20% of selections. Fellows serve in excepted service jobs at GS‑10 to GS‑12 for one year, with a possible second year. If Congress provides money in advance, the Secretary may repay a fellow’s education loan, possibly with a service agreement. DoD must post selected names publicly.

Faster DoD hiring and lateral entry

DoD can directly hire students and recent graduates through September 30, 2030, and use direct‑hire at key defense and test facilities through 2028. Science and technology labs can hire bachelor’s or advanced degree holders and use up to 11% of direct‑hire authority per fiscal year. The lateral‑entry pilot lasts five years with at least 30 participants each year. Space Delta 13 may hire civilian faculty under Air University‑style authority.

Funding help to hire JROTC instructors

Schools can hire qualified retired or reserve members as JROTC instructors. The military pays the school half of the standardized instructor pay, and can pay more for schools in deprived areas if it is in the national interest. The department may require some hires to join the Individual Ready Reserve.

In‑state tuition for intel employees

If you work for an intelligence agency for more than 30 days, you qualify for in‑state tuition at public colleges in States that get Higher Education Act aid. This applies starting with the first enrollment period that begins after July 1, 2024.

Keep tandem Foreign Service families together

The State Department must update rules within 90 days to help place tandem Foreign Service spouses together. Entry‑level tandems can request the same post or country, and denials must be in writing. Anti‑nepotism rules are narrowed, and a spouse may supervise the other for up to 90 days per year. Reports on placements and cost savings are due in 90 days and then yearly for two years.

Military service counts toward family leave

If you served at least 12 months of honorable active duty in a listed service, that time counts toward the 12‑month work requirement for certain federal family leave rules. This applies to several federal employee groups and excludes Public Health Service and NOAA commissioned corps. The VA must update its leave program within six months.

More pay and cyber protection for State staff

Covered Diplomatic Security employees can be paid premium overtime above usual annual caps, up to the pay for Executive Schedule Level II. This applies as if it began January 1, 2023 and ends December 31, 2025. The Department also offers cyber protection for personal devices and accounts to at-risk employees, and to any employee who asks, but must get explicit consent before each access. Affected employees on leave for uniformed service can keep an education allowance they would otherwise receive.

More staff and tracking for SkillBridge

Each service assigns at least two full‑time staff to run SkillBridge and makes an annual funding plan. They must share program details and do yearly outreach to active‑duty members. GAO reports to Congress by July 1, 2024 on participation and job offers for 2019–2023.

More support for military-connected schools

The law provides $50 million in FY2024 to help local school districts that serve military children. It adds $10 million for Impact Aid under the named statute and another $10 million for districts with many military children who have severe disabilities. DoD must brief Congress by March 31, 2024 on how it chose recipients. Parents in DoD-run schools also get new rights to see curriculum, meet teachers twice a year, and get notices; some library access rules start two years after enactment. DoD must report within 30 days how parents can use these rights.

Pay and travel help for DoD civilians

For 2024, agencies can keep waiving premium and aggregate pay caps for eligible civilians overseas. NAF employees are excluded from a dual‑pay limit. Shore leave accrues sooner for DoD crews on long voyages (7 days instead of 30). DoD may pay relocation and separation travel for up to 15 new appointees and 15 separating appointees per fiscal year.

Reinstatement option for vaccine‑separated troops

If you were separated only for refusing a COVID‑19 vaccine and you filed an exemption between August 24, 2021 and February 24, 2023, you can ask to return. You have two years from your separation to request reinstatement at your prior grade. Time away counts as inactivation for certain service rules.

Safer, expanded JROTC programs in schools

The law tightens JROTC oversight and grows access. Schools must sign a standard agreement, report instructor-misconduct within 48 hours, do background checks with certifications that expire in five years or less, hold yearly training, and allow inspections at least every four years. DoD can put units on probation for up to three years and suspend units that stay out of compliance, and must report to Congress each year. DoD must also publish unclassified annual reports on JROTC sexual misconduct by March 31, 2024 through 2029. DoD will support 3,400 to 4,000 JROTC units, if schools request them and funds are available outside national emergencies.

Stronger CIA protections for assault reports

CIA must set training and policies to prevent and respond to sexual assault and harassment. Victims can choose a restricted report that stays private and usually does not trigger an investigation unless they switch to unrestricted. The Agency provides onboarding and leadership training. The Director must report every six months on prevention, investigations, and claims. Policies cover CIA employees and people at CIA facilities, including contractor staff.

Faster bridge permits in South Texas

Bridge permit applicants in Webb, Cameron, or Maverick Counties, Texas (filed Dec 1, 2020–Dec 31, 2024) get an expedited process. The Secretary must recommend within 60 days, and the President must act within 60 days after that. If the President misses the deadline, the permit is treated as granted, but NEPA reviews still must be completed.

Faster pay and fairer rules for small contractors

Prime contractors must pay subcontractors within 30 days and must cooperate with officials until an unpaid subcontractor is made whole. By July 1, 2024, DoD must let evaluators consider relevant past performance of affiliates when a small business bids. DoD cannot require proprietary armor in new tactical vehicle solicitations. On request, contracting officers must share the memo explaining a commercial or noncommercial determination.

Faster, simpler buying for DoD contracts

The law speeds up defense buying. Prototype deals can be up to $300 million for new agreements after enactment. Software contracts are exempt from earned value rules, and EVMS applies only above $20 million with stricter use above $50 million. A rapid authority funds urgent development for up to one year, with a $100 million per‑year cap. Micro‑purchase and simplified limits rise ($15,000/$25,000 and $750,000/$1,500,000) through September 30, 2028, and a pilot tests paying for “as‑a‑service” capabilities with at least 60 days’ public notice and a 100‑day target to award.

Fewer climate disclosures in DoD contracting

DoD cannot require a greenhouse gas inventory from nontraditional defense contractors to win a contract, except to verify a voluntary disclosure. For others, there is a one‑year ban from enactment unless needed to verify a voluntary disclosure. The Secretary may grant narrow, contract‑by‑contract waivers when the information directly relates to performance.

Higher cap for fast‑track base repairs

For five years after enactment, the one‑step turn‑key repair limit increases from $4 million to $8 million. Contractors can use one‑step procedures for repair projects up to $8 million during that period.

Keep HH‑60W helicopter line running

The Air Force may not use FY2024 funds to end the HH‑60W production line or prepare to end it. This keeps production jobs and supplier contracts in place during FY2024.

More help for small business innovation

The rapid innovation program now supports small businesses and raises its project cap to $6 million. DoD can waive PTAP cost‑shares case‑by‑case and help firms with certain compliance steps. Mentor‑Protégé agreements may be contracts or cooperative agreements. The employee‑owned contracting pilot runs eight years and eases some subcontracting limits. DoD must keep annual SBIR reports through FY2028.

More support for shipyards and seafood ports

The Navy can grant up to 75% of project costs for non‑nuclear ship repair and training, with Buy American rules. Congress provides $30 million in FY2024 for small shipyards and training, and $43.02 million for maritime loan guarantees ($40 million for guarantees; $3.02 million for admin). Owners can get financing, including reimbursement, for U.S. shipyard reconstruction and retrofits. Seafood port projects now qualify for federal port‑infrastructure grants.

2024 active and reserve force sizes set

The law sets active‑duty limits for Sept. 30, 2024: Army 445,000; Navy 337,800; Marine Corps 172,300; Air Force 320,000; Space Force 9,400. It also sets Selected Reserve limits: Army National Guard 325,000; Army Reserve 174,800; Navy Reserve 57,200; Marine Corps Reserve 32,000; Air National Guard 105,000; Air Force Reserve 69,600; Coast Guard Reserve 7,000. It authorizes how many reservists can serve full time for admin and training and sets minimum counts of military technicians for each reserve component.

Advance notice for big Special Ops cuts

Except in urgent cases, the Defense Secretary must notify Congress 15 days before reducing Special Operations Forces by more than 1,000 people. The notice must explain unit and skill changes, where people go, impacts on missions, and why the change is needed.

Air Force drones and tankers kept

The law keeps key Air Force fleets in service. From now until September 30, 2028, the RQ-4 Global Hawk fleet cannot drop below 10 aircraft. The Air Force cannot retire RQ-4s or cut unit or sustainment funds in a way that assumes divestment. In fiscal year 2024, the Air Force also cannot spend money to retire KC-135 tankers. An exception applies case by case for aircraft that are unsafe or uneconomical to fix.

Allowing tanker transfers to Israel

The President can transfer retired or soon‑to‑retire aerial refueling tankers to Israel, following U.S. foreign assistance laws. Transfers cannot reduce U.S. refueling capacity or readiness. For normal transfers, DoD must notify Congress at least 15 days before. In emergencies, the President must report within five days, including impacts and risk mitigation.

Blocks defense funds to adversaries

Defense money in this law cannot go to groups tied to hostile regimes. DoD operational energy funds cannot support entities owned by, or tied to, Russia or the Chinese Communist Party. No DoD funds from this law can go, directly or indirectly, to Iran’s government, U.S.-sanctioned persons, or named militias. DoD must also detail FY2024 operational energy programs and their life‑cycle costs in a public report.

Border materials and anti-trafficking plan

DoD must plan within 120 days to work with partners in the Americas to counter human trafficking and brief Congress within 180 days after the plan. Separately, within 75 days, DoD must plan to use, transfer, or donate excess border construction materials to southern border States. Execution starts within 100 days and continues until storage and protection costs end. States must certify the materials will be used only for ports of entry or projects to stop illicit human and vehicle traffic. DoD must also report within 90 days on storage contracts and decisions.

Defense funds for counter-drug efforts, FY2024

Congress authorizes FY2024 funding for DoD drug interdiction and counter‑drug activities, as listed in the bill’s funding table. The funds support defense‑wide counter‑drug efforts during the year.

Hardening CENTCOM bases against missiles

DoD must assess air and missile defenses at bases in the CENTCOM region for threats from Iran and related groups. It must create a plan to speed up hardening and upgrades. An initial report is due within 180 days of enactment, with a follow‑up report 180 days after the first.

Indo-Pacific defense plans and partnerships

The law orders a broad plan to strengthen U.S. posture in the Indo‑Pacific. It requires a force‑posture study and public report by April 1, 2025, a missile strategy within 180 days, and an annual air and missile defense strategy focused on Hawaii and the region. Some Defense‑wide policy office funds are capped at 90% until the first two reports are submitted. It expands cooperation with Taiwan on defensive military cybersecurity within 180 days and directs a report by June 1, 2024 on deeper security cooperation with Japan. It also requires assessments on Chinese influence in Pacific Island nations and on when South Korea can assume wartime operational control, with a 45‑day notice before any transfer.

Indo‑Pacific partnerships and sea tracking

DoD must launch an Indo‑Pacific Campaigning Initiative and brief Congress by March 1, 2024, with a fuller report by December 1, 2024. Within 90 days, the U.S. will also seek a maritime domain awareness effort with allies to monitor regional waters and share information. The State Department must name a full‑time AUKUS Senior Advisor and task force, report progress, and manage licensing timelines. The AUKUS post ends seven years after enactment unless renewed.

Middle East maritime plan and Israel drills

Within 60 days, DoD must send a plan to build an integrated maritime awareness and interdiction capability in the Middle East, including threats, partners, gaps, and costs. Starting January 1 after enactment, U.S. Central Command runs at least two exercises per year that invite Israel, with Israel’s consent. The drills practice long‑range strike, aerial refueling, and support like logistics and air defense. By December 31 each year, the Secretary certifies to Congress whether the exercises met the requirements.

Military building funds and training

The law funds Guard and Reserve facility projects after September 30, 2023, as listed in the statute. The Navy and Army engineers must launch a joint training course within one year on cost control, safety, sustainability, and resilience; at least 75% of named staff finish by January 1, 2025, and a report is due by June 1, 2025. For projects over $9 million, officials must state on Form 1391 whether they considered all relevant construction materials and methods. A Philadelphia readiness center project can proceed with a federal share capped at 50%, a long enough lease, and 15‑day advance notice to Congress.

Missile defense acquisition rules updated

By May 31, 2024, DoD must cancel a prior missile defense governance memo and replace it with rules that speed decisions while keeping needed oversight. The new guidance must help the Missile Defense Agency move faster on early acquisition milestones and ensure systems fit with joint air and missile defense.

Modernize defense data, 5G, and radios

DoD must build enterprise tools to manage cyber data at scale and brief Congress every six months starting within 120 days, with privacy safeguards. Within 120 days, the Department sets a plan for private 5G networks on bases and rules for public carrier access, with a briefing by 150 days. The Space Force must evaluate commercial space‑tracking services and integrate the Unified Data Library, with a report due in 180 days. DoD must speed Link 16 testing and certification, cut temporary frequency approvals to 15 days, and report on testing near 1030/1090 MHz within 180 days. DoD must also deliver a Defense‑wide plan for cyber red teams within 180 days and an AI risks study with an interim briefing at 180 days and a final report in one year.

More authority for operational prep and recovery

DoD can use Defense‑wide O&M funds to prepare the environment and build non‑conventional assisted recovery capabilities. In special cases, the Secretary may support foreign or irregular forces. Up to $40,000,000 per year may be spent. DoD must set procedures, ensure legal review, and notify Congress of material changes. Oversight rests with the Assistant Secretary for Special Operations and Low Intensity Conflict.

More funding flex for Cyber Command projects

Cyber Command may use up to $16,000,000 each year in O&M funds for certain capability development projects. The per‑project limit is raised to $1,000,000. This authority now runs through 2028, with centralized project approvals.

More money for counter‑drug and Guard programs

The law authorizes $918.9 million for DoD drug interdiction and counter‑drug activities in FY2024, including increases for National Guard programs and schools. It also raises a National Guard counter‑drug statute amount from $5,000 to $15,000.

More oversight of intelligence and clearances

Inspectors General must assess DHS overt human and open‑source intelligence programs, brief in 120 days, and report in 180 days. The DNI must notify Congress within 7 days of any significant intelligence leak, start a damage assessment in 7 days, and provide materials in 30 days with 90‑day updates. The IC and DOJ Inspectors General will review the FBI confidential source program and report to Congress. The government will study tech to modernize classification and declassification within one year, and the President reports actions within 540 days. Agencies must publish quarterly reports on clearance vetting timelines and review standards at least every five years.

More oversight of Title III actions

When the President or an agency uses Title III authorities, they must report to Congress and brief within 30 days after the action. If the action involves a UK or Australian business, they must report and brief 30 days before the action, certify that U.S. or Canadian firms were not available, and explain why. Reports must include why the authority is needed and any financial terms.

More time for military base projects

The law keeps prior Army, Air Force, and Navy construction approvals active longer. These authorizations now run until October 1, 2024 or until a FY2025 military construction law is enacted, whichever is later. Examples include Army projects like a $71 million forensic lab, Air Force projects like a $46 million cargo pad, and Navy projects like a $166 million communications upgrade.

More transparency on U.S. shipping and shipyards

The Maritime Administration must deliver a shipbuilding and repair survey within 180 days and yearly for four years, with data made public. It must report on port preferences within a year, and study marine highways within a year, followed by a one‑year pilot and a final briefing. The Government Accountability Office must review Federal student aid availability for mariner training within six months. An annual report must also show how much cargo and how many ships moved under U.S. vs. foreign flags by agency.

New crime for foreign official extortion

It is now a federal crime for foreign officials to demand or accept bribes to influence official acts or gain unfair business advantages. Penalties can include fines up to $250,000 or triple the value, up to 15 years in prison, or both. The law applies even to acts outside the United States. The Attorney General must report on enforcement starting one year after enactment.

New envoy and digital security abroad

State can run a Digital Connectivity and Cybersecurity Partnership to help countries build secure internet, protect data, and reduce reliance on certain foreign suppliers. An annual plan is due within 180 days, and funds can stay available until spent. The law also creates a Special Presidential Envoy and office to deepen economic and security ties under the Abraham Accords. The Envoy must report within 180 days and yearly, and the office ends six years after enactment.

New rules for AI use at DoD

DoD must set department‑wide AI policies within 120 days and brief Congress by day 150. The plan covers ethics, bias checks, generative AI security, workforce training, a common AI lexicon, and protections for commercial IP. DoD must also create a validated test and compliance process, fix non‑compliant AI, and stop using it if it cannot be fixed. Commercial large language models may be made available on classified networks, as appropriate.

New rules for foreign training and staff

The Defense Secretary can waive vetting for some foreign trainees with the Secretary of State’s agreement and must notify Congress within 48 hours. India is now considered for more joint research, testing, training, and some overseas maintenance bids. The Department must track all security cooperation jobs, standardize qualifications, and code positions, with regular manpower reports.

New steps against cartels and fentanyl

DoD can run cyber detection and monitoring to disrupt Mexican transnational criminal groups, working with other agencies and consulting Mexico. The CIA must give Congress a 90‑day assessment on the Sinaloa and Jalisco cartels, including leaders, routes, and revenue. DoD must deliver a fentanyl counterstrategy within 120 days, then brief Congress within 60 days after submission. Parts may be classified.

New tech leadership and AI rules

Major intelligence agencies must name a chief technology officer who focuses on adopting mission tech and cannot also be CIO, data officer, or chief scientist. Within one year, the DNI sets AI policies covering common terms, testing, monitoring, auditability, retraining or sunsetting, documentation, and third‑party model use, and reviews them annually. Within 180 days, the DNI plans to share unclassified open‑source intelligence with non‑IC federal employees and updates policy guidance.

Nuclear rules tighten; projects paused

The law protects a specific low‑yield warhead and pauses a facility expansion. In FY2024, NNSA cannot spend money to reconvert or retire W76‑2 warheads unless top leaders certify strict conditions to Congress. DOE cannot expand ARIES pit processing space at Los Alamos until it certifies a base capability to make at least 30 plutonium pits a year. It also updates nuclear material program rules by removing and renumbering parts of the Atomic Energy Defense Act.

One datalink plan across DoD

DoD must adopt one strategy for how systems share data in the field. The plan assigns a lead, uses common protocols, supports mesh routing, and coordinates with the intelligence community. By June 1, 2024, DoD must give Congress a timeline, needed resources, and say whether one common set of datalinks should be used across major weapon systems.

PFAS cleanup timelines and budget transparency

DoD must report within one year, and then every two years until December 31, 2029, on testing and cleanup at military sites, including schedules and cost estimates. Starting within one year, DoD must post regularly updated cleanup status online. Each year, the Department must also send Congress a separate PFAS budget document with funding for research, testing, cleanup, disposal, and community outreach.

Preserving and releasing UAP records

All agencies must find, protect, and prepare UAP records for the National Archives. The Archivist must publish a standard ID aid within 45 days. Agencies must review and transmit records within 300 days. Records cannot be destroyed or reclassified if already public, and offices must prioritize records not yet public.

Protecting bases from encroachment

Each military department must, within 180 days, set up a process to spot and reduce encroachment around covered sites and certify when it does not create a direct national security risk. If foreign investment may be involved, they must report it and coordinate mitigation with industrial base officials. Within 180 days after issuing this guidance, the Department reports to Congress on how it is working.

Push for a clean DoD audit

DoD must build metrics tied to fixing audit problems and start using them by April 30, 2025. The Department must brief by September 30, 2024 on which jobs will use these metrics and how good performance is rewarded. The law requires a clean audit opinion for DoD financial statements by December 31, 2028.

Reviews for space tracking and defense

The Air Force Secretary now leads early approvals for certain space‑based moving‑target tracking programs and will present these systems to combatant commands when DoD mainly funds them. DoD must set up a working group within 90 days. Separately, the Missile Defense Agency must commission an updated study on space‑based missile defense within 90 days and deliver it to Congress within 270 days after the agreement. The study is unclassified but may include a classified annex.

Senior coordinator for ISIS detainees in Syria

The President must name an existing official to coordinate issues related to ISIS detainees and displaced people in Syria. An interagency strategy is due within 180 days. The coordinator must send reports to Congress at least yearly through January 31, 2025 on repatriation, prosecutions, security risks, and humanitarian needs.

Sentinel ICBM silos and command upgrades

The Air Force must refurbish and make operable at least 150 Sentinel ICBM silos at each of three bases: Francis E. Warren, Malmstrom, and Minot. It must replace the SACCS command system by Sentinel initial operational capability, including updated base and launch‑control processors and IP connectivity. The Department must assess authorities to keep the Sentinel program on schedule and delegate tasking and oversight to the Air Force Global Strike Command within 120 days, then notify Congress.

Ship buys must weigh lifetime costs

The Maritime Administration must consider life‑cycle cost estimates when it designs and chooses ships for the National Defense Reserve Fleet. This aims to lower long‑term operating and maintenance costs.

Shipyard projects must include risk plans

The Navy must add risk analysis to each covered Shipyard Infrastructure Optimization Program project. It must include project timelines, backup plans for delays, effects on public shipyards and the workforce, a cost‑benefit review of private shipyard help, and whether more authority is needed. The Navy must brief Congress on implementation by October 1, 2024.

Slower retirements for A-10s and F-16s

The Air Force must wait 180 days after a required report before retiring or storing F‑16C/D jets, unless a jet is uneconomical to repair. Budget documents must show upgrade dates, costs, and remaining service life for any F‑16C/D proposed for retirement. The A‑10 fleet cannot drop below 218 jets until 180 days after the Air Force sends Congress a skills plan and report.

Stronger base planning and siting rules

The Defense Department must add installation resilience to base master plans within one year. Plans must list hazards, use approved data sources, and use standard risk ratings. Base leaders must explain when a listed hazard does not apply. Governors get at least 30 days to comment on risk notices, with enough detail to understand the risk. Defense leaders may coordinate with National Guard directors and other covered officials when making encroachment agreements.

Stronger oversight of nuclear command

The Defense Department must set up a team within 180 days to protect nuclear command and control from cyber threats and deliver a plan within one year. It must file annual budget reports on these systems for fiscal years 2025–2030. If a strategic system test is delayed, Congress must be told within five days and, in most cases, get a full report within 60 days. The commander of U.S. Strategic Command must also notify Congress about significant Russia–China nuclear cooperation. The cyber team ends October 31, 2028 unless extended.

Stronger protections at bases and missile sites

Tall projects near certain ICBM sites face strict limits. Any structure over 200 feet within 2 nautical miles of listed launch or control centers is an unacceptable risk unless removal is part of mitigation. Existing approved or repowered (same height) structures are exempt. The law also extends DoD authority to protect facilities from drones through 2026.

Testing contested military logistics

The law creates a program to test ways to keep military supplies moving in dangerous areas. It tries shared parts pools, prepositioned gear, and rapid repairs away from big bases. The Defense Secretary must issue guidance within 180 days and report to Congress within 24 months. The authority ends three years after enactment.

Tracking China’s abuses and influence

Within 30 days, the DNI must name a coordinator to manage intelligence on PRC atrocities, file a strategy in 90 days, and brief Congress at least quarterly until September 30, 2027. The IC must also report within 120 days on China’s tactics in Africa, including mining and telecoms, and suggest ways to reduce risks. The CIA must report in 90 days on China’s influence in the Middle East, including ties with Iran and any military or intelligence presence.

Transparent tracking of submarine repairs

The Navy must brief Congress within 90 days and then every 180 days until September 30, 2026 on submarine maintenance. Briefings must cover schedule changes, new timelines and added costs by shipyard, causes of delays and parts shortages, infrastructure lessons, and any needed law changes.

U.S. strategy for the Black Sea

The President must send Congress a Black Sea strategy within 180 days. It sets goals, names activities, and lists the authorities and budget needs by agency for fiscal years 2025 and 2026. The plan aims to improve security, energy, and economic ties with partners.

Upgrading DoD networks and logins

DoD must fix identity and access weaknesses and set up a formal program within 120 days, unless it submits a justified waiver. It must define Tier 1 data attributes in 120 days and brief Congress in 150 days. DoD will modernize network boundaries across unclassified and classified systems by set dates in 2026, 2027, and 2028. A Strategic Cybersecurity Program, led by a team at NSA, will assess mission risks and report to Congress every year by December 31.

Work with Israel on directed‑energy defense

DoD may partner with Israel on directed‑energy missile defense. Within 120 days, the Under Secretary for Research and Engineering must assess promising technologies, risks, how FY2024 funds will be spent, and likely funding needs for the next five fiscal years.

No port security deals with terror states

Homeland Security may not sign port security agreements with governments that are state sponsors of terrorism or with foreign terrorist organizations. Ports under those governments are treated as lacking effective antiterrorism measures, and sanctions must apply immediately. Existing certification rules still apply for other partners.

Tougher intent rule for interstate sex crimes

For travel and transportation offenses, the law replaces the “motivating purpose” test with an “intent” standard. Intent includes plans to engage in prostitution, criminal sexual activity, or illicit sexual conduct at the time of travel. This change applies now.

Military help to restore disaster areas

With the Secretary’s approval, military training funds can support post‑disaster work. Allowed tasks include demolition, clearing roads, infrastructure improvements, and military construction to help restore communities after natural disasters.

Power grid gets DoD cyber tech

DoD can share MOSAICS data and technology with private electricity‑sector groups to spot cyber threats and protect distribution systems. Transfers can use cooperative agreements and similar tools. DoD must notify defense committees within 15 days of any transfer decision and include details about the data, recipient, handling, and timing.

Stronger standards for federal data centers

Within 180 days, the government sets minimum rules for new federal data centers, covering uptime, energy use, backup power, security, and more. Agencies must apply rules to existing centers within 90 days after the rules are set and post public updates twice a year. GAO audits compliance within a year and annually after. The program’s sunset extends to 2026.

Stronger weather and base resilience

When funded, the Air Force Reserve and NOAA support hurricane and winter weather flights and report needs through 2035. DoD must test critical power, water, and telecom at at least four bases and share lessons within a year. DoD must create a standard system and annual reports on base infrastructure condition, outages, and risks.

Planning for military medical supply shocks

DoD must set up a working group to find medical and device supply vulnerabilities and plan stockpiles, with a goal of a 180‑day supply of essential medicines. An initial briefing is due within 180 days and annual briefings each September 30 from 2025 through 2028. The group ends September 30, 2028.

New hiring and training paths at State

The State Department can hire up to 100 personal services contractors at a time in FY2024–FY2026 for up to two years each, with notice to Congress and annual reports. A Mid‑Career Mentoring Program supports FS and Civil Service employees with cohort meetings and one year of post‑program coaching. Members assigned to international organizations must receive specialized training before or within the first year of the assignment. The Department may directly hire up to 25 paid student interns into competitive service within two years of their internship.

Stronger cyber training at DoD and colleges

DoD must link cyber job roles to military specialties and make members fully trained before joining Cyber Command units. Departments must set uniform service obligations for critical roles, start a three-year contractor pilot within 180 days, and issue a civilian hiring and training plan within 120 days. A study on Cyber Mission Force resiliency is due within 180 days. DoD will also create a cyber academic engagement office within 270 days to manage scholarships and work with colleges.

Stronger protections and oversight at CIA

The CIA creates a Special Victim Investigator within 180 days to handle sexual assault and harassment cases and aims to finish investigations in 60 days unless extended with notice. The CIA Inspector General sends Congress quarterly summaries on employee reports and investigations through fiscal year 2027. The Director must report within 60 days on anomalous health incidents, including cases and sensors, and brief committees within 90 days, with materials on care program timing.

New AI council and tech prizes

DoD creates an AI governing council to set ethics guidance, manage data and model access, and run AI education. DoD must brief Congress within 180 days and then at least every 18 months. DoD also runs prize contests to improve business systems and to detect and watermark generative AI. The generative AI prize must be set up within 270 days and ends December 31, 2025.

Bigger limits and funds for base projects

The law raises caps for minor military construction, including up to $9 million per project and a $14 million location‑adjusted cap. Demolition projects now qualify under these authorities. It lifts installation resilience funding set in law from $100 million to $125 million. It authorizes listed Army National Guard projects, such as $90 million for the Lexington Avenue Armory (NY) and $41 million for Quonset Point (RI). It also increases the Baumholder SOF rigging facility to $23 million until October 1, 2024 or when FY2025 military construction is authorized, whichever is later.

Critical materials and stockpile actions

The law sets a goal for DoD to be independent of adversary critical‑mineral supply by 2035 and requires a strategy within one year. DoD must recover rare earths and other critical materials from old equipment. The stockpile manager can dispose of set amounts, including 8 tons of beryllium, 154,043 tons of manganese ore, 5,000 kg of germanium, and 91,413 pounds of carbon fiber, plus up to 1,000 tons of unneeded transferred materials.

Domestic nuclear fuel for reactors

The Department must make HALEU fuel available on a set timeline: 3 metric tons by Sept. 30, 2024; 8 more tons by Dec. 31, 2025; and 10 more tons by June 30, 2026. A new program buys at least 20 metric tons per year by Dec. 31, 2027, using U.S. or allied supply if U.S. options are not practical. Deals require advance appropriations and must be recorded as obligations when made.

Faster defense innovation and sharing

DoD must create an AI bug bounty program within 180 days, if funds are provided, and brief Congress within a year. DoD may give NATO up to $15 million a year for DIANA from FY2024–FY2029, with notices, a strategy by July 1, 2024, and regular reports. DoD must run at least four co‑led acquisition rounds each year through Sept. 30, 2027. DoD will reform technology release and foreign disclosure, set metrics by June 1, 2024, name points of contact within 90 days, and report by Dec. 31, 2024.

Intelligence tech planning and costs

Within 90 days, the DNI must brief Congress on intelligence cloud costs and five‑year projections, including data storage, egress fees, and legacy shutdown savings. IARPA will run a microelectronics and AI research program, subject to funding, with partners in government, academia, and industry. Within 180 days, DoD and DNI must issue commercial remote sensing guidance, unclassified needs, and a five‑year cost estimate; if the budget requests less, it must explain why.

More funding for nuclear weapons sites

Congress adds $80 million in FY2024 for high‑explosives synthesis and production. It adds $37 million for the Tritium Finishing Facility at Savannah River. It adds $70 million for the W80‑4 sea‑launched cruise missile life‑extension effort. It adds $10 million for the Y‑12 West End Protected Area Reduction Project.

Munitions surge and emergency buys

DoD can build a reserve of long‑lead munitions parts and start advance buying in FY2024, with yearly reports from 2025 to 2030. It may not buy items likely to be useless within eight years. DoD can also make emergency purchases to replenish stockpiles after partners are attacked, and contract to move items sent by drawdown when the U.S. is not a party to the attack.

Overseas and Indo‑Pacific building authority

DoD can accept South Korea‑funded projects, like Camp Carroll ($189 million). It may build needed logistics projects in friendly countries with a $200 million yearly cap and a $15 million cap per project, with some 30‑day notices to Congress. The INDOPACOM commander can approve minor projects under $15 million through March 31, 2029, with notice for projects over $2 million.

Rebuild munitions and extend Ukraine aid

The law provides $300 million for Ukraine in FY2024 and $300 million in FY2025, and keeps the authority through December 31, 2026. It allows rebuilding munitions stocks and lists multiyear quantities: 3,300 Tomahawks; 1,100 PrSM; 550 Mark 48 torpedoes; 1,650 ESSM; 1,980 RAM; and 11,550 SDB‑II. Some pricing data rules can be relaxed with a price reasonableness check, and Congress must be notified within 7 days. These flexibilities run through September 30, 2028.

Unmanned aircraft supply chain review

Within one year, DoD must report on supply chains for covered unmanned aircraft systems. The report covers demand, markets dominated by foreign suppliers, costs, availability, and quality of secure sources. It must outline DoD plans to close gaps, including use of the Defense Production Act and partnerships like NASA.

2024 funding for oversight and operations

For FY2024, the law authorizes funding to destroy chemical agents and munitions, to support the Defense Inspector General, and to provide capital for DoD working capital and revolving funds. Amounts are set in the funding table in section 4501.

Cost controls for next‑gen fighters

The Air Force and Navy must file engineering and six‑month cost matrices for NGAD programs with the FY2025 budget. These become the baseline and must be updated every six months. The GAO reviews each update within 60 days. Each service also sets cost key performance parameters.

Faster arms sales for AUKUS allies

The President prioritizes Australia and the United Kingdom’s AUKUS requests for U.S. defense articles and services. These get faster handling than most other requests. Requests from Taiwan and Ukraine still come first.

Faster, flexible defense buying and prototypes

The law speeds up and modernizes defense buying. DoD can test new IP deals through Dec 31, 2028, with one program picked by each service by May 1, 2024. The Air Force runs a pilot to turn prototypes into products, with up to $10,000,000 per entity and a five‑year sunset. Agencies can use multiyear contracts to save money or stabilize key suppliers. Space Development Agency tranches use rapid pathways that finish within five years. The National Defense Stockpile runs a five‑year pilot to use commercial best practices and aim for positive cash flow.

Studies on Taiwan crisis and port control

The DNI must commission a study on the global economic effects of a Taiwan invasion or blockade‑like actions and deliver it to Congress. A separate study reviews how foreign ownership or control of terminals at the 15 largest U.S. container ports affects U.S. security. The Taiwan study contract begins within 60 days and reports within 270 days plus 30 days for submission; the port study starts within 90 days and reports within one year of start.

Help for universities on research security

DoD can fund help for colleges to protect sensitive research, including vetting visiting scholars, training, and shared security services, with metrics and annual reports. The law supports quantum fellowships and university partnerships, with steps to expand access for underrepresented students. DoD will assess creating or expanding a university research center for critical materials and send a plan within one year. It can award competitive contracts or grants to build workforce and research infrastructure in these fields.

Base energy upgrades and hydrogen pilots

DoD can sole‑source certain utility upgrades to the company that owns a privatized base utility, and may use areawide utility contracts through September 30, 2032. Hydrogen creation, storage, and power tech is now eligible for DoD energy‑resilience prototype and demo projects that start after enactment.

Capital and planning for defense supply chains

DoD forms a Joint Energetics Transition Office to plan and grow the energetic materials industrial base and report through 2029. DoD can sign multiyear deals to buy critical minerals processed in the U.S., including advance procurement starting in FY2024. The Office of Strategic Capital can offer loans or guarantees (if funded) where at least 80% of the project capital is non‑Federal, with maturities up to 50 years.

Easier defense prototypes and pricing transparency

The Defense Innovation Unit can use flexible prototype contracting tools starting 180 days after enactment. The law adds services and supplies to National Technology and Industrial Base goals to reduce reliance on potential adversaries. DoD must share parts of cost/pricing data reports with named offeror leadership and set clear rules on when an uncertified data request counts as a denial, including timelines and whether it came from a prime or subcontractor.

Faster, more commercial-friendly defense buying

The law speeds requirements and buying by October 1, 2025 and favors commercial products, APIs, and faster software and AI approaches. A contracting pilot is extended to January 2, 2028 and gives senior officials more discretion with minimal reporting. Buying guidance must consider emerging cyber tools, including AI security tools. Programs must plan for exportability. The AI office keeps at least 10 staff, its acquisition authority runs through October 1, 2029, and near-term plans and demos are required.

Higher goals and limits for small contractors

More federal contracting is targeted to service‑disabled veteran‑owned small businesses (goal rises to 5%). The fee cap for military architectural and engineering services rises from 6% to 10%. The small‑scale construction threshold rises to $2,000,000, and the counterdrug small‑project cap rises to $1,000,000.

Innovation hub for the intelligence community

The Director of National Intelligence must plan and, if funded, set up an Innovation Unit capped at 50 staff. The unit finds new commercial tech, helps move prototypes to production, and focuses on small and mid‑size companies. The unit’s authorities end five years after it starts, with semiannual briefings to Congress.

New offices to speed military tech

The law makes the Defense Innovation Unit permanent and names a Director. Each service names a senior Technology Transition Advisor to help move tech into programs and license DoD IP to small businesses. The Army runs a small‑business‑focused ground‑vehicle pilot, and the Navy creates a rapid capabilities office for naval aviation. DoD can test near‑term quantum tools with partners, with authority ending September 30, 2026.

Tighter 'domestic source' rules for defense

For Title III support, firms must do most R&D, engineering, manufacturing, and production in the U.S. or Canada, and buy most components there. Australia and the U.K. can count as domestic sources only for defense needs that U.S./Canadian firms cannot fully meet.

Tighter limits on foreign jobs after service

Retired and reserve members who seek foreign employment must get a finding that the job is not against U.S. national interests. Reports about approvals must be posted online within 60 days. Covered former members cannot take certain national security jobs for governments of countries of concern or their controlled entities. The Defense Secretary may grant time‑limited waivers only when needed for U.S. national security, and violations can bring penalties.

No promotions while under special review

If an officer is under a special selection review board, their name cannot be sent forward for appointment or nomination during the review. This pauses promotions and nominations until the review ends.

Costs to use bases for space launches

Commercial space firms must repay DoD for all direct costs when using military property. For FY2024–FY2026, any indirect cost repayment is capped at 30% of direct costs and not more than $5,000,000 per year. The military departments will set rules and brief Congress each year.

New conflict checks for DoD consultants

Consulting firms in NAICS 5416 must certify before getting covered Defense contracts. They must show no consulting ties to covered foreign entities or have a written, auditable conflict‑mitigation plan. DoD updates rules within 180 days. Waivers are limited to top officials, and DoD must tell Congress within 30 days when it grants one.

Freeze on DoD diversity roles

The Defense Department cannot create new positions for diversity, equity, and inclusion matters or fill vacancies in those roles. The freeze starts at enactment and stays in place until the Comptroller General submits the required review.

Space Command HQ build paused for reviews

DoD cannot use FY2024 money to acquire, plan, design, or build a new U.S. Space Command headquarters until June 30, 2024. The pause lasts until the Defense Department Inspector General and the Comptroller General complete their reviews of the July 2023 selection.

Stronger cyber and app rules at DoD

The Defense Department tightens cybersecurity for labs and users. Within 180 days, it issues lab security rules on zero trust, device controls, inventories, data protection, incident reporting, training, and operations plans. It must enforce app bans and related rules, including for TikTok and any ByteDance successors, and brief Congress within 120 days. Components must monitor user activity, enforce least‑privilege access, run insider‑threat tests at least every two years, and report results; the Secretary reports to Congress within 180 days.

More scrutiny on mergers and foreign metals

Companies that file merger notices under the Clayton Act must give the same documents to the Defense Department at the same time. Starting 24 months after enactment, suppliers must tell DoD if tracked aerospace materials were made or processed in China, Iran, North Korea, or Russia. DoD reports each year by March 31 on how much of these specialty metals are in its systems.

No DoD contracts with Russia‑linked oil

DoD cannot sign new contracts with firms tied to Russian government‑owned or Russia‑operating fossil fuel businesses. Limited exceptions apply for humanitarian, security, or licensed cases. This rule starts at enactment and ends on December 31, 2029.

Stronger barracks privacy; tighter waiver rules

Existing waivers of covered privacy and housing standards end March 1, 2024. Starting March 2, 2024, commanders must request waivers from a Service Secretary, who must try other options first, like using available private housing, adjusting unit integrity goals, or issuing a certificate of nonavailability to allow BAH. New waivers end after nine months and cannot be renewed. Annual reports start March 1, 2025, and until the first briefing occurs, some FY2024 operations funds are limited to 75% for each service.

Cyber scholars can serve in IC

Cyber Service Academy recipients can meet their service by working at an Intelligence Community agency if DoD has an agreement and the agency reimburses scholarship costs. Recipients must meet hiring and clearance rules. No more than 10% of a graduating class may be placed outside DoD unless the Defense Secretary certifies DoD cannot place more within DoD.

New limits on overseas COLA

The Defense Department can cut an overseas Cost of Living Allowance no more than twice a year. Each cut is capped at the lesser of 10 index points or the amount the location is above the U.S. average, and cuts can be phased in. COLA can be increased at any time. By February 1 each year, the Secretary reports to Congress which areas changed, amounts, and how many members were affected.

New rules for Space Force careers

The law puts every Space Force member in active, inactive, or retired status. It sets retention checks and caps officer annual point requirements at 50. It adds clear voluntary retirement options for officers and enlisted at 20, 30, and 40 years. During the transition, the Air Force Secretary can choose which promotion board rules to use. Promotions follow a single list, and some senior promotions can be delayed to avoid exceeding legal strength limits.

New Space Force career and board rules

The Air Force keeps one official list of Space Force officers by grade and rank; temporary appointments do not permanently change your place. Promotion boards must have at least five higher‑grade officers, give 30 days’ notice, and allow written input up to 10 days before. Special boards can fix errors and grant retroactive date of rank and pay. The Secretary may also convene boards to consider early retirement or discharge under set criteria, treated as involuntary under other laws.

New Space Force officer career rules

Space Force officers are placed into competitive categories, with one category for those up for brigadier or major general. Promotion zones use five-year need estimates, and the Air Force sets how many promotion looks officers get (no more than five), with changes only about once every five years. Officers can request to skip a promotion board for approved reasons. The law sets due-process rules for separation boards, including at least 30 days’ notice and counsel, and allows recommendations such as retirement or discharge. New rules set who can be appointed as Space Force officers, and allow enlistment at 17 with written parental consent.

New support and rules for State staff

The government can pay for internet service in government homes at overseas hardship posts with a 30% or higher differential. The Department must give status updates on assignment reviews, convene appeals panels within 120 days, and update the Foreign Affairs Manual within 120 days. All Foreign Service Institute language instructors, including contractors, must pass suitability reviews and periodic background checks. The Department must report on incentives for hard‑to‑fill posts within 180 days and study vacancy patterns, then report findings within 60 days after the study.

Promotions and accessions based on merit

The law requires military accessions and promotions to be based on individual merit and performance. The Secretary of Defense must issue rules within 90 days.

Tighter rules for veteran‑owned small businesses

Contracts counted toward SDVOSB goals must go to SBA‑certified firms. A self‑certified firm that applies within one year keeps its status until SBA decides; otherwise it loses self‑certification after one year. SBA must issue rules within 180 days. The main change takes effect on October 1 after the rules are issued.

Closing Pueblo Chemical Depot

The Army must close Pueblo Chemical Depot within one year after it completes the demilitarization mission. Closure, cleanup, and disposal follow base‑closure laws, and local grants can support reuse. The plant’s property may be removed or demolished per the hazardous waste permit. That property is deemed unsuitable for homeless assistance programs.

Defense Health Agency network expansion on hold

DoD cannot move past phase one of its nine‑network plan until the Government Accountability Office finishes a study. GAO must brief Congress by May 1, 2024, and then provide a full report. The study reviews structure, staffing, consolidation, and lessons learned.

FISA surveillance powers extended to April 2024

Certain Title VII Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act provisions now run through April 19, 2024. The law updates dates in statute to keep these authorities in effect until that time.

More range activity and safer launch rules

The Nevada Test and Training Range may expand activities, including emergency response. It can build up to 15 small equipment pads (each up to 150 by 150 feet) along existing roads and use roads that existed on January 1, 2024. Interior and the Air Force must form a committee and sign an MOU within a year to ensure Fish and Wildlife access. Defense, Transportation, and NASA must set a science‑based process to determine in‑flight explosive yield within one year and report impacts after a key assessment concludes.

More wildfire detection and air support

The National Guard can run the FireGuard program to detect and monitor wildfires and support emergency response. Homeland Security must transfer seven demilitarized HC‑130H aircraft and support gear to California, without reimbursement, for wildfire suppression and related missions. California pays operating and maintenance costs after transfer, and the planes generally stay inside the U.S. unless sent for approved disaster response.

Regular Space Force disestablished after transition

The Regular Space Force is disestablished once all members change duty status and none remain. The Air Force Secretary must certify this and publish the date in the Federal Register. A related statute is repealed on the certification date.

Short‑term flex on Space Force and fighters

During the transition period, the Air Force Secretary can change Space Force end strength by up to +5% or −10% to improve readiness in key units. From enactment until October 1, 2024, the Air Force may reduce its primary mission fighter fleet to as few as 1,112 aircraft. These flexibilities are temporary.

Stronger drone security, with exceptions

OMB must set government‑wide security rules for buying drones within 180 days. The FAR and agency rules must be updated within 180 days after that. Agencies can get waivers up to three years if no secure product meets mission needs, with reports to OMB and Congress. The law also lets Federal and Tribal agencies use drones for wildfires, search and rescue, and on Indian lands, and allows certain intelligence operations, despite restrictions.

Tighter checks on China tech and research ties

The DNI must brief Congress within 45 days on implementing a working group to assess Chinese investments in critical tech, including AI, advanced energy like small modular reactors, and biotech. The assessment now covers all known entities and supply‑chain risks. DoD must set policies by June 1, 2024 to limit or bar funding for institutions or researchers that knowingly have certain disallowed contracts or financial ties, with notice, a 30‑day remedy window, appeals, and annual disclosures. The DoD Inspector General must report on implementation within 18 months.

VA building cap rises; flat markers end

The VA can treat projects up to $30 million as minor medical projects and raise that amount each year if construction costs rise. The VA must publish changes and notify Congress 30 days before a change. The VA also ends the rule allowing flat grave markers at Santa Fe National Cemetery and must report within one year on costs to replace them with upright markers.

Weapons buys must weigh lethality and cost

Before buying or changing munitions, DoD must include lethality in its analysis. Reviews must cover effectiveness margins, system capacity gains, and cost impacts from new energetic materials.

Stricter enlistment scores, new college path

The law lowers the baseline share of recruits with low AFQT scores to 4%. The Defense Secretary can approve a higher limit, up to 20%, after a request and must notify Congress. Each military department must also start an Enlisted Training Corps at a community or junior college by August 1, 2025. Students can get tuition help, living costs, or a stipend if they sign an agreement to enlist after graduation or disenrollment. This demo ends September 30, 2030.

Overseas small projects and MILCON timing

Unspecified minor military construction dollar limits now apply outside the United States. Most military construction authorizations expire on the later of October 1, 2026 or when the FY2027 MILCON authorization law is enacted, unless funds were already obligated. The Army may also build a 15,000‑square‑foot maintenance support facility at Camp Pendleton.

Space command‑and‑control oversight

The Air Force must set an initial‑capability date for ATLAS within 90 days and notify Congress. If ATLAS misses that date, the program ends and an alternative with similar capability must be named, with cost and timing details. An FFRDC must review the program at least every two years from 2024–2032, and the Air Force must brief Congress within 30 days after each review.

Stronger vetting of defense contractors

DoD expands its program to keep risky suppliers off contracts. Actions like exclusion or termination can follow a risk notification, and entities get at least 30 days’ notice and a 30‑day review. Some rationale may be withheld to protect national security. The rules take effect 180 days after enactment and the program runs through December 31, 2033.

Tighter cost caps on defense projects

Navy projects under the cited authority cannot exceed the amounts in the funding table. A temporary authority to modify contracts for inflation now runs through December 31, 2024, but only if Congress specifically provides money. Army carryover math must exclude foreign military sale proceeds. The Air Force cannot buy more than six KC‑46A aircraft in the final lot unless it waits 180 days after notice to Congress or certifies need and costs. The law also updates language for Next Generation Interceptors program phases and makes minor construction wording edits.

More port funding and shore power

Ports get $500 million in FY2024 that stays available until spent. These grants cannot buy fully automated cargo gear if it would cause net job loss. For FY2024, port projects that add shore power for both passenger and freight ships are treated as eligible, with some exceptions for noncontiguous States and territories. Money given to MARAD before this law cannot cover the cost of certain new loan guarantees.

Stronger nuclear fuel supply and oversight

The Energy Department expands the American Assured Fuel Supply by merging the Uranium Reserve and keeping a limited reserve using U.S. or allied uranium. The law bans trading or selling uranium to pay for cleanup and requires advance appropriations or a specific account with full up‑front obligations for HALEU/LEU purchases. The program should avoid competing with U.S. nuclear companies. Oversight increases: annual project matrices are required with a GAO review within 180 days after each budget. Reporting ends one year after the project is completed.

New bans to secure defense supply chains

Ports and entities that use listed “covered logistics platforms” cannot get Federal grants while using them, starting for new contracts 180 days after enactment; national‑security waivers are allowed. DoD cannot sign new contracts with companies that feed data to those platforms starting 180 days after enactment, unless waived for vital national security. DoD cannot contract with companies on its Chinese military companies list starting June 30, 2026, and cannot buy goods that include their items starting June 30, 2027, with limited waivers. DoD phases in a ban on buying certain munitions chemicals from China, Russia, Iran, or North Korea, no later than September 30, 2028. DoD can waive some material bans for a named item and material for up to 36 months, more submarine parts are now “critical” for stricter controls, and some UAS restrictions end five years after enactment.

Stronger defense supply chains and cash flow

DoD lets eligible contractors get progress payments up to 10 percentage points higher under a pilot that runs through January 1, 2029. DoD also starts a pilot to map supply chains for up to five weapons platforms and report each year until January 1, 2028. A new consortium helps adopt 3D printing and set safety standards. An NSA‑backed pilot helps U.S. semiconductor suppliers improve cybersecurity for four years. Starting 180 days after enactment, DoD can examine contractor or grantee records for threat mitigation when a contracting officer approves it in writing.

U.S.-flag rules for hauling government cargo

To carry certain U.S. government cargoes, a private ship must be U.S.‑documented for at least three years. Starting January 1, 2030, owners of newer ships can qualify by agreeing to keep U.S. documentation for at least three years and to enroll in emergency programs if asked. Breaking the agreement by reflagging can lead to seizure. Officials can grant short waivers when U.S.‑flag capacity at fair rates is not available, for up to 60 days plus one 30‑day extension, and no more than three months in a fiscal year.

Basic Needs Allowance counts more areas

The Basic Needs Allowance can consider areas with a “demonstrated need,” not just high‑cost areas. The Defense Department must update guidance. This may help more military families qualify.

Capitol physician stays on active duty

The current Attending Physician at the U.S. Capitol stays on active duty for six years after enactment. This applies only to the current officeholder.

Charter for American Indian Veterans group

The law creates a federal charter for National American Indian Veterans, Inc. It keeps the group tax‑exempt, bars stock and dividends, and lets voting members inspect records.

Civilian combat-zone benefits extended to 2025

Civilian employees working in combat zones keep eligibility for certain allowances and benefits through 2025. The expiration moves from 2024 to 2025.

Commissary access for remarried survivors

If you are a surviving spouse of a service member, you can use commissaries and MWR retail even if you remarry. The Defense Secretary must issue rules by October 1, 2025. Your access is the same as an unremarried surviving spouse.

Commissary access for some Space Force

Space Force members in active status who are not on sustained duty can use commissaries and MWR retail like Selected Reserve members. This can lower out‑of‑pocket costs.

DoD can pay some pet flights

If no U.S. carrier will carry up to three pets, the Department can pay a foreign carrier to move them. The payment cannot exceed what a U.S. carrier would have charged. The employee may pay any extra cost. Pets mean cats or dogs.

DoD may pay some AWOL members

The Defense Secretary can decide to pay pay and allowances to members who are absent without leave or over leave. This decision cannot be delegated. After a decision, the Secretary must report to Congress within 30 days.

More detail when DoD denies malpractice

If DoD denies your medical malpractice claim under 10 U.S.C. 2733a, it must explain why. DoD must give copies of expert reports it used and the records behind those reports. DoD does not have to release protected medical quality assurance records.

New protections in Space Force promotions

Space Force officers recommended for promotion can get a special review if credible adverse information was not given to the board. The law maps existing lists and board references to Space Force rules, removes the “above the promotion zone” reference, and updates how failed selections are counted.

Passport fee relief and NATO mail access

The State Department can waive passport fees for people under U.S. contracts, grants, or agreements who deploy for overseas disaster relief or must be ready to travel on short notice. U.S. citizens working overseas for NATO in support of U.S. military operations are now guaranteed access to military post offices. The Defense Secretary must brief Congress by March 1, 2024 on how this access is implemented.

Security reimbursements for ex-DoD officials

If you are a former or retired DoD official facing a serious and credible threat, DoD can reimburse you for security services and equipment you paid for. Reviews occur at least every six months. Total reimbursements for all recipients together cannot exceed $15 million each fiscal year.

Shorter service time for mariners

For three years, some merchant mariner service requirements are shorter. One rule drops from 3 years to 18 months, another from 18 months to 12 months, and another from 12 months to 6 months. The shorter periods apply only during this three‑year window.

Easier, clearer passport applications

You can pay passport fees electronically, even if you mail your application. More places can serve as passport acceptance agents, like approved court clerks, postal workers, and some DoD staff. The State Department must post estimated processing times every quarter so you can plan travel.

Help for communities in base cleanups

Local committees or community members near bases can request technical help to read cleanup and health reports, write public comments, and do outreach. Help can come from private firms, other Federal agencies, or nonprofits. This applies upon enactment.

Plan to speed up passport services

The State Department must submit a plan within 180 days to improve passport access. The plan must cut average processing times within one year of submission. It must also provide urgent in‑person services within two years for people who live more than a five‑hour drive from a passport agency.

Stronger privacy and unbiased DoD counseling

New DoD contracts must bar selling or transferring covered DoD employee personal data, unless needed for the work or allowed by law. DoD financial counselors must file annual financial disclosures, and those with conflicts cannot provide services until fixed. The Secretary must brief Congress on implementation.

CIA retiree fund money for 2024

The law provides $514 million in FY2024 for the CIA Retirement and Disability Fund. This supports pensions and disability payments to CIA retirees.

Agencies must enable HAVANA Act payments

Intelligence agency leaders must issue rules within 180 days to use HAVANA Act payment authorities. Within 210 days they must report how many people may be eligible and expected FY2025 costs. Agencies that believe the authority does not apply must explain why in writing.

Benefits for separated Space Force members

Space Force officers and enlisted members who are involuntarily discharged or denied reenlistment under conditions the Air Force Secretary calls “other than adverse” now qualify for certain benefits and services. This applies upon enactment.

Cleaner air in barracks pilot

DoD can provide air purifiers and U.S.‑made sensors that detect conditions for mold growth to unaccompanied military housing. Each service picks one base. DoD must brief Congress within 365 days of starting the pilot, including any savings and plans to use these in new housing.

Coast Guard access to TRICARE data

Within one year, DoD and DHS must agree on data sharing so the Coast Guard can use medical and TRICARE access records. This helps the Coast Guard monitor and improve care for members and families.

Free ECGs at enlistment screenings

DoD must run a pilot starting by September 30, 2024 to give free, mandatory ECGs to everyone getting a military accession medical screening. The pilot lasts three years. DoD must study results and brief Congress.

Help for military spouses in maternal care

DoD must help spouses of covered members get certified as doulas or as International Board Certified Lactation Consultants. Training must come from organizations paid under the maternal health demonstration project.

More family care and mental health at State

State and USAID can provide unplanned non‑medical care help for employees and families, including dependent child and elder care, via services or reimbursement. Agencies can spend up to $2 million per year on this help. The State Department must also add at least 10 mental health staff (targeted within 180 days) and study access to care, with a report due in 180 days.

Travel and support for detained Americans’ families

Families living over 50 miles from Washington, DC can get travel help to meet with the government when a U.S. national is unlawfully detained abroad. Up to two trips per fiscal year are covered (a third with approval), usually for up to two people and two nights of lodging. The government can also pay the detained person’s return travel if no other help exists and provide health and support services for up to five years. This authority ends December 31, 2027.

WTC Health Program for Pentagon and Shanksville responders

If you worked rescue, cleanup, or related work at the Pentagon or Shanksville site after 9/11 through the end of cleanup, you can enroll in the WTC Health Program. Enrollment under these rules is capped at 500 people at any time. The change takes effect upon enactment.

More leasing tools for Retirement Home

The Armed Forces Retirement Home can use pre‑lease agreements and collect payments that support its finances. Proceeds go to the Home’s Trust Fund. Some subleases that match the main lease do not need extra approvals. This authority ends September 30, 2026.

Plan to fix Coast Guard dorm hazards

Within 30 days, the Coast Guard Commandant must brief Congress on removing asbestos, lead, and mold from Chase Hall. The plan must limit rooms to two students, upgrade outlets and storage, and identify needed housing capacity to reduce officer shortfalls.

Priority aid for Sentinel Landscape landowners

If your land sits in a designated Sentinel Landscape, you can get priority for grants, easements, or assistance from partner agencies. Participation is voluntary. This helps rural landowners access conservation and resilience programs.

180-day loan pause for military spouses

If you lose your job after moving for a spouse’s military permanent change of station, you can get up to 180 days of deferment. For Direct Stafford and some consolidation loans, interest does not accrue. For Direct PLUS and Direct Unsubsidized loans, interest accrues and may be capitalized or paid. You must show proof of spouse status, PCS orders, and unemployment or job registration. This starts 90 days after enactment.

Better legal training for forces overseas

State and Defense must review foreign legal protections in listed countries and brief Congress by December 31, 2024. DoD must improve training for service members, spouses, and dependents on local laws and rights. DoD must also review translator readiness for legal situations.

Diplomatic Security fellowships for students

The State Department can fund fellowships for U.S. nationals in college who commit to Diplomatic Security careers. The law authorizes $2 million per year for 2024 through 2028. The Secretary sets eligibility, application, and progress rules.

Easier federal hiring for military spouses

Spouses of DoD employees moved for the government and spouses of eligible service members can get noncompetitive federal appointments, including remote‑work jobs. Remote work means you are not expected to report to an office regularly. OPM tracks and reports use, and the DoD‑spouse authority ends December 31, 2028.

H‑2B worker window extended for Guam/CNMI

H‑2B admissions for Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands are allowed through December 31, 2029. This keeps the program open longer for seasonal workers and employers in those areas.

More benefits for Space Force members

The law treats Space Force members like other service members for VA rules, SGLI, burial in national cemeteries, and GI Bill benefits. Space Force members get the same leave rules and reserve leave provisions. Recruiting, reenlistment, delayed entry, and college‑first programs clearly apply to the Space Force. Space Force members are also eligible to study at the Naval Postgraduate School.

More Navy spot promotions

The Navy’s cap on spot promotions rises from 325 to 425. This increases available opportunities for eligible officers under the rule.

More nominations to service academies

Each Member of Congress can now nominate up to 15 people per Service Academy instead of 10. Appointment slots rise from 150 to 200. Guam nominees go from four to five. These changes start with classes entering in 2025–2026.

More time for IG competitive status

Inspectors General employees who serve in overseas contingencies now have five years, not two, to gain competitive status.

More Troops‑to‑Teachers placements

Troops‑to‑Teachers can place participants at Job Corps centers and in JROTC instructor or administrator roles. The program’s authorization now runs through 2027.

More U.S. internships and fellowships abroad

The law funds grants to increase U.S. citizen internships at the United Nations and other international groups, with $1.5 million authorized for FY2024. It also establishes the John Lewis Civil Rights Fellowship within Fulbright. Whenever feasible, at least 25 fellows are chosen each year, fellowships last at least 10 months, and each fellow gets an allowance for living costs and travel to required events. Fellows must arrange an approved placement abroad.

Parental leave for Reserve drills

Beginning October 1, 2024, eligible Selected Reserve and IRR members can take up to 12 inactive‑duty training periods of parental leave in the year after a birth or placement. The Secretary can delay leave for operational needs and set a reasonable time to use it. The law updates pay and retired pay credit rules for these periods.

Pay for Reserve aviator training

If you are a Guard or Reserve aviator getting aviation incentive pay, you are paid for the inactive‑duty training needed to get or keep your aeronautical rating. The number of paid periods and other details follow service rules.

Pay rules for Afghanistan War Commission

Non‑federal Commission members are paid the daily equivalent of Executive Schedule level IV for each day they work, including travel. Federal employee members can be paid for work outside normal agency hours but cannot be paid twice for the same hours.

Regular reviews of local DoD pay

DoD must review local prevailing wage rates every three years. Within one year, the Secretary reports local pay plans and whether moving targets from the 50th to the 75th percentile is feasible and what it would do.

Ports can use audits for tonnage grants

Eligible small inland and coastal ports may submit independent audit data for average annual tonnage. The Secretary must use it if it is an acceptable substitute for Army Corps data, or explain why not. Tonnage calculations must use data specific to the applicant.

Weapons distribution support pilot extended

The pilot that provides distribution support for weapons systems contractors now runs eight years instead of seven. This gives contractors and service providers an extra year to participate.

AI pilot to save refueling fuel

DoD’s Chief Digital and AI Officer must design an AI pilot for aerial refueling within 90 days and start it within one year. The pilot aims to cut fuel use and costs and improve awareness in contested environments. The authority ends January 1, 2027.

Annual lists on anti‑corruption progress

State must publish a yearly public list of countries making real anti‑corruption progress and send Congress a classified list of countries making little or none. A methods and budget report is due within one year. The first lists are due within two years and then yearly for seven years. Some details may be classified with a written justification.

Anti-corruption leads at key embassies

Each year, the State Department designates an anti‑corruption point of contact at selected embassies. The chief of mission or a designee coordinates whole‑of‑government efforts and receives training.

Army Caisson Platoon protected for funerals

The Army keeps a Caisson Platoon to support military and State funerals. The Army cannot eliminate it. Congress must be briefed within 60 days and at least every 180 days through March 31, 2027.

Better crisis plans for U.S. posts

Within 120 days, State must update crisis planning for posts and regions at risk. A leader with crisis experience must run the effort and keep plans independent of regional bureaus. State must report to Congress within 180 days and every 180 days for five years on posts reviewed and outreach to U.S. persons.

Better vetting and shared technology

The government improves personnel vetting. GAO runs a survey within one year and every two years until 2029 to check how agencies and contractors use Trusted Workforce 2.0. The intelligence chief must also report within one year on using shared IT systems for vetting across agencies.

Build at Navy and Marine Reserve sites

The law funds specific construction at Navy and Marine Corps Reserve sites using approved amounts. Projects include $24.549 million for Battle Creek, MI, and $12.4 million for Dam Neck, VA. These projects support reserve units and local contractors.

Changes to Air Force Reserve committee

The Air Force Reserve Policy Committee now includes four nonvoting chief master sergeants. If they cannot attend, they may send an E‑8 or E‑9. The law also lets active‑duty members from reserve components serve on the committee.

CIA counterintelligence training center

The CIA keeps the Benjamin Tallmadge Institute as its main counterintelligence school. The CIA must set certification courses, name jobs that need them, and offer training at multiple classification levels. Courses can be shared with other cleared government groups and appropriate outside partners.

CIA review of Abraham Accords intelligence

Within 90 days, the CIA Director must assess how the Abraham Accords affected intelligence work. The report must say if each deal produced new or useful insights and whether more deals would help. The report may be classified.

Clear leadership and metrics for cyber work

DoD must name a principal staff assistant to serve as the Principal Cyber Advisor within 30 days. The law updates related terms to match current practice. DoD must also track results for a cyber‑sharing pilot with partners, including targets, effects, and other outcome measures.

Combatant commands must build cyber plans

Each geographic combatant command must, within 270 days, create a cyber support mechanism with U.S. Cyber Command. Plans must improve cyber capabilities, integrate cyber into operations, prioritize risks in their regions, and outline help for defending friendly countries.

Covers online sexual exploitation of minors

The law clarifies that "sexual activity" under federal law does not require physical contact. It covers online and webcam exploitation of minors. This helps prosecutors pursue non‑physical abuse cases.

Crack down on forced-labor minerals

State will work with other countries to end forced and child labor in critical mineral supply chains. State will publish a yearly progress report with recommendations. This effort does not change existing U.S. laws.

Deputy Director added at Missile Defense

The law creates a Deputy Director at the Missile Defense Agency. The Deputy must be from a different military service than the Director. The term is two to four years, and the Deputy can act as Director when needed.

Equip and train Iraqi, Kurdish forces

By February 1, 2024, DoD sets a plan to provide equipment, including air defenses, and training to Iraqi forces and the Kurdish Peshmerga against missiles and drones. Implementation begins within 90 days unless delayed to protect U.S. readiness. Congress must be notified 10 days before any delay and every 30 days after. A progress briefing is due by July 1, 2024.

Expand DPAA capabilities; yearly briefings

By March 1, 2024 and then yearly for five years, the Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency must brief Congress on what is needed to expand accounting for missing persons. The Director may work with universities or research groups to add specialized capabilities.

Faster hiring for critical DoD jobs

DoD can use direct‑hire for aircraft operations and public safety roles when there is a critical shortage. Also, the cap on some senior Defense jobs does not apply when the job is paid entirely by another agency.

Faster PFAS cleanup at bases

DoD can treat PFAS‑contaminated materials, including soils, using any EPA‑approved method until a final Defense rule is issued. This speeds cleanup while the final rule is finalized.

Faster rulings on religious displays

DoD must set rules within 180 days for civilian complaints about public religious displays on DoD property. The receiving officer forwards a complaint within 10 days. A decision comes within 30 days, after consultation with chaplains and legal counsel.

Flexible timing for mobilization notices

If the President’s budget arrives after April 1 in the year before a planned mobilization, the Secretary may send the required mobilization details in a separate notice to Congress. This only applies when the budget is late.

Full‑time Special Envoy for Belarus

The President must appoint a full‑time Special Envoy for Belarus while U.S. operations in Minsk are suspended. The Envoy leads the Belarus Affairs Unit and cannot hold another State job. State must report on activities within 180 days and annually for five years. The role ends five years after enactment.

GAO report on foreign‑made drones

Within 275 days, GAO must report how many off‑the‑shelf drones and covered unmanned aircraft federal agencies bought from covered foreign entities. The intelligence community is excluded. The report informs Congress about procurement sources.

Human rights reports add new details

The State Department modernizes its Country Reports on Human Rights Practices. Reports now describe transnational repression, including incidents, countries involved, tactics, surveillance tech, and groups targeted. The law also removes some outdated annual report requirements.

Human rights sanctions and reports

The DNI must report civilian casualties from certain foreign operations within one year and then annually for two years, with an unclassified summary. The DNI must also report within 180 days on abuses against Uyghurs, including forced labor and companies involved. State, with Treasury, must evaluate foreign persons for Global Magnitsky sanctions and report within 180 days and annually; the Nord Stream 2 part ends five years after enactment.

Innovation and outreach across intelligence agencies

ODNI must plan within 180 days and, if funded, stand up an Office of Engagement within one year, then brief Congress quarterly for five years. A 9‑member Intelligence Innovation Board will meet quarterly and advise on new tech until at least September 30, 2026. IARPA can run 6G research for intelligence uses with partners. IC civilian experts can be detailed to Commerce’s export control office and keep their federal status.

Keeps certain jets and ships in service

Through September 30, 2029, the Air Force cannot retire more than 68 F‑15E jets or cut sustainment funding in ways that assume future divestment. Individual jets beyond economical repair may still retire. For fiscal year 2024, the Navy cannot retire, prepare to retire, or store the USS Germantown, Gunston Hall, Tortuga, or Shiloh.

Keeps Greenbury Point open to public

The Navy cannot restrict public access to the Greenbury Point Conservation Area in Annapolis. Short closures are allowed for safety, maintenance, live fire, or if a lease or transfer requires them.

Keeps military construction moving

Project authorizations stay active longer so work can continue. Extensions cover projects like the Tsurumi Fuel Wharf ($49.5 million), a Gabreski training facility ($20 million), a Hulman Regional small arms range ($8 million), selected FY2019 Army projects, FY2021 Guard/Reserve projects, and a Kunsan UAV hangar ($53 million). These remain in effect until October 1, 2024, or when the FY2025 military construction law is enacted, whichever is later.

Limits on support in Afghanistan and Yemen

DoD aircraft may not carry money or valuables to the Taliban or its related entities. For fiscal year 2024, DoD cannot provide assistance to the Taliban or affiliates unless the Secretary certifies to Congress it is in the U.S. interest or needed for Afghan safety. For one year after enactment, the U.S. cannot refuel non‑U.S. aircraft that take part in Yemen hostilities unless Congress authorizes it.

Local agencies can buy some drones

State, local, and territorial law enforcement or emergency agencies may buy or operate a covered unmanned aircraft with non‑Federal money. Federal contracts, grants, or agreements can still involve such aircraft if the agency has an approval or waiver under the law.

Marine Corps Heritage Center partnership

The Navy can partner with the Marine Corps Heritage Foundation to design, build, lease, and operate a Heritage Center and the National Museum of the Marine Corps at Quantico. The Navy may accept funds and gifts, enter cooperative agreements, and keep lease revenue to support the facility.

Modernize intelligence rules and hiring

Within 30 days, the DNI issues a Community‑wide prepublication review policy and sends it to Congress. Within 120 days, the DNI briefs Congress on whether current directives guide analysts on using AI and machine learning and, if needed, provides a plan and timeline to update them. Within 180 days, the DNI submits a plan to recruit, train, and keep personnel with financial intelligence and emerging tech skills, with benchmarks to grow the cadre by January 1, 2025.

More cleanup help, PFAS tech prizes

More sites can get cleanup help and new tools are funded. National Guard facilities qualify for environmental restoration regardless of ownership. The PFAS Task Force will report once a year through 2029. The law funds $1 million in FY2024 prizes for technology to destroy PFAS and extends prize authority through December 31, 2026. It also updates the year for transferring funds for the Bien Hoa dioxin cleanup to FY2024.

More funds to find missing U.S. personnel

The cap on assistance for DoD efforts to account for missing U.S. personnel rises from $1 million to $5 million. The Secretary of Defense can waive the cap with notice to Congress. No help may go to nations designated as repeatedly supporting terrorism. DoD must report each year by December 31 and brief by July 1, 2024.

More general and flag officer positions

The law raises some caps on general and flag officer positions. For example, counts change from 218 to 219 and from 62 to 64.

More oversight of DoD plans and budget

The law tightens DoD reporting and reviews. Certain FY2024 travel funds for top DoD offices are capped at 80% until a required risk assessment is filed and briefed. Unfunded priority lists must now explain the need, past funding, and effects on future plans. DoD budget reports move to twice a year with set due dates. The Contested Logistics Working Group adds senior members, must meet quarterly, and report each year. The law also ends the statute authorizing the Naval Research Advisory Committee.

More support for NATO and allies

The law lets Defense fund NATO infrastructure within set limits for years after September 30, 2023. The Navy can run a program so NATO sailors can join U.S. submarine safety training. State may set up an Institute for Transatlantic Engagement, with at least three programs a year and up to $750,000 for 2024–2025. The institute authority ends December 31, 2025.

More time for Art in Embassies rules

The law extends a program deadline from two years to four years for Art in Embassies. This gives staff more time to meet the requirement.

More time to use Army land deals

The Army gets more time to use certain land transaction tools. Cash from the Natick land conveyance account can be used through October 1, 2027. The Sharpe Army Depot land conveyance authority is extended from three to five years.

Navy keeps small-craft school running

Through FY2024, the Navy stays the lead for the Naval Small Craft Instruction and Technical Training School and must provide the support and staffing needed to keep it operating.

New DoD tools for media and scheduling

Within one year, DoD must start a course on digital media provenance and run a pilot to authenticate public DoD photos and videos. The pilot must test open standards and set up verification processes. By September 30, 2024, DoD must also build software to share scheduling data with congressional defense committees and make it interoperable.

New intel reports on the Americas

Within 120 days, Defense Intelligence reports to Congress on how countries in the Americas and Mexico cooperate with China and Russia. Within one year, the DNI delivers two classified Haiti assessments on security, politics, economy, migration, and drug transit, plus a review of warnings before the president’s assassination. The DNI also reports within 120 days on Maduro regime detentions of U.S. citizens and lawful residents.

New watchdog for Ukraine aid

The law creates a Special Inspector General for Operation Atlantic Resolve to oversee U.S. funds for Ukraine. The President must publish an initial unclassified accounting within 45 days and updates every 90 days. The law authorizes $8 million for 2024 and extends special hiring authority through September 30, 2030.

NNSA cybersecurity duties shifted to Administrator

The law assigns information resources and cybersecurity to the NNSA Administrator. It updates statutory language to reflect this change. This clarifies who is responsible for cybersecurity at NNSA.

No DoD help for censored films

DoD cannot knowingly give money or direct help to a movie, TV, or other project that censors content to meet PRC or CCP demands that advance PRC interests. The Secretary can waive this by telling Congress in writing that a waiver is in the U.S. national interest.

No forced pronoun disclosure in DoD

DoD cannot require or forbid service members or civilian employees to list their gender or pronouns in official correspondence. This protects their choice in official communications.

No funds recognizing Russia's Ukraine claims

Funds for fiscal years 2023 or 2024 cannot be used in any way that recognizes Russia’s claim over Ukraine’s territory. This keeps U.S. policy and spending aligned with non‑recognition.

No new base closure round

This law does not allow DoD to start a new Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) round. Communities are not put into a BRAC process under this Act.

Nogales wastewater fixes and funding

The city’s share of Nogales wastewater costs is limited to treatment and conveyance. The Commission takes ownership of the interceptor when the city transfers rights and $12.5 million is secured. The law authorizes $12.5 million for 2025–2029, $8 million in 2025 to build a debris screen, and at least $1 million a year for its operation in 2025–2029. Key parts take effect October 1, 2024.

Nuclear safety and cleanup funding

The law authorizes $47.23 million in 2024 for the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board. It provides $1 million in 2024 for a Hanford cleanup project. The Navy must transfer $218,125 to the Superfund and $218,125 to California’s water cleanup account to resolve the Moffett Field penalty.

Old classified records reviewed for release

When agencies find classified records older than 25 years during FOIA or declassification reviews, they must process them for release through the National Declassification Center. An agency can stop only by certifying to Congress that release would harm sources, methods, or national security and explaining why.

Pentagon study of post‑vaccine health

DoD studies health conditions one year after the first COVID‑19 shot for active-duty members. Results must be broken down by vaccine, maker, age, and condition, and compared to 2017–2019 unvaccinated data. The first report is due within one year, then yearly for four more years.

Pilot to add CL20 in weapons

DoD must run a pilot to integrate the CL20 energetic compound into three weapon systems that do not already use it. Each chosen system must add CL20 within three years. DoD must brief Congress within one year on plans and testing.

Public access to UAP records

Within 60 days, the National Archives starts a public collection of unidentified anomalous phenomena records. Physical copies must be available within 30 days of receipt, and digital copies within 180 days. Copy fees can only cover actual costs, and fee waivers follow FOIA rules.

Push for near‑expired passport acceptance

The President, through State, seeks deals with countries that reject passports within six months of expiration to accept them. This starts diplomatic talks only. It does not change U.S. passport rules at home.

Regular briefings on maritime strategy

The Maritime Administrator must brief Congress at least twice a year on building a national maritime strategy. Top Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard leaders must join. Briefings must cover shipyards, financing options, great power competition, and how to improve sealift.

Report on commissary boycott products

Within 180 days, DoD must report whether commissary or exchange products sold in FY2021–FY2022 came from companies that took part in a boycott of Israel and held DoD product contracts over $10,000,000. This supports procurement oversight.

Review and improve Defense systems

DoD hires an independent group to assess its business architecture, brief Congress by April 1, 2024, and report by January 30, 2025. DoD also builds updated business health metrics that use measurable indicators and standard reporting.

Review Space Force general officer needs

By March 1, 2024, DoD must brief Congress on whether there are enough Space Force generals for service and joint needs. The briefing must include any plan and reasons to raise the maximum number.

Share simulation training with allies

Thirty days after submitting a required report, and with the Secretary of State’s concurrence, DoD may provide distributed simulation training and related IT to friendly foreign militaries. DoD must issue guidance within 120 days. This authority ends December 31, 2025.

Small Navy land lease in Virginia

The Navy may buy or lease about 225 square feet at Westmoreland State Park to install and protect research equipment. It must pay fair market value, reimburse reasonable administrative costs, and the interest ends when it is no longer needed for national security.

State Department AI and data leaders

The State Department creates a Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer at the Senior Executive level. State also starts a Bureau Chief Data Officer program so each bureau has a GS-14/15 data leader. State must file an implementation plan within 180 days and report yearly for three years. Bureaus cannot double-hat current staff into the new data officer roles.

State management and service upgrades

State reviews all special envoy jobs within 180 days and reports to Congress 60 days later. It shifts economic diplomacy metrics toward results and customer satisfaction and reports within 90 days after the next review. The CIO must be consulted on new unclassified IT projects over $250,000, set a strategy in 180 days, and run annual customer surveys for five years. State should use the best private tech for online passport renewal. State must notify Congress within 15 days if a senior official’s clearance is suspended or revoked and brief within 30 days. This clearance reporting ends three years after enactment.

State must fix GAO high-risk areas

The State Department must implement GAO High Risk List recommendations on IT, human capital, property, cybersecurity, and security clearances. A progress report is due to Congress within 90 days.

Stronger cyber and tech security

Agencies must track covered foreign-made drones within one year. DoD adds continuous supply‑chain cybersecurity tools to its networked projects and lists new needs with the FY2026 budget. Space officials must plan within 180 days to share more threat data with DoD‑contracted commercial operators. State must review U.S. capacity to provide emergency cyber help abroad and report within a year.

Stronger safety and health incident efforts

Military departments must keep plans to fix accident causes and confirm fixes within one year, then review them regularly. DoD’s cross‑functional team must investigate anomalous health incidents, including possible directed‑energy threats, coordinate research, and work with other agencies. Reporting deadlines move to March 1, 2028.

Stronger standards to judge corruption

State uses clear standards to judge if foreign governments meet minimum anti‑corruption steps. Reviews look at criminal laws, fair courts, prosecutions of officials, whistleblower protections, asset recovery, and strong financial transparency rules.

Stronger State outreach and diplomacy

Within 180 days, State makes a plan to explain why diplomacy matters and to reach people who rarely hear about it. The plan looks at staff needs and more fellowships. The Department also plans to modernize American Spaces and American Corners, consider public‑private partnerships, and have embassies and USAID improve outreach and new‑media use. USAID should hire more outreach officers and pull best practices from 10 countries.

Stronger U.S. engagement in the Pacific

State can advise Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and Palau on building national security councils and better coordination with the United States. State must report within 180 days and then yearly for two years. The law also creates a Senate‑confirmed Special Envoy to the Pacific Islands Forum. If the Envoy is also an Ambassador, there is no extra pay and service starts after confirmation.

Studies on deterrence and warning systems

Within 90 days, DoD must seek an agreement with a research center to study multipolar deterrence and report by March 1, 2025. The Joint Chiefs must hire an FFRDC to study the Integrated Tactical Warning and Attack Assessment System and deliver findings within 270 days.

Study lessons from information warfare

DoD hires an expert group to study information operations tied to Russia’s 2022 invasion, assess Russian capabilities, and draw lessons from the U.S., Ukraine, and NATO. An unclassified report to Congress is due within one year.

Support for partners in irregular warfare

DoD can spend up to $20 million each year from operations funds to support foreign or irregular forces that aid authorized U.S. special operations. DoD must vet partners, follow legal reviews, and notify Congress 15 days before starting or changing support. This authority does not allow covert action or sending U.S. forces into hostilities.

Supreme Court review of military appeals

The law lets the Supreme Court review decisions by the military appeals court on whether to take a case. This starts one year after enactment. It applies to petitions first submitted on or after that date. Some earlier petitions stay under old rules.

Train Israeli KC-46 crews in U.S.

The Air Force must train Israeli Air Force members in the United States on KC‑46 operations and maintenance to U.S. coalition standards. Israeli members may join the USAF exchange program, with billets provided when possible. The training authority ends 10 years after enactment.

Tribal liaisons at military bases

DoD must place a Tribal liaison at any installation with a Tribal interest nearby. This improves communication on land and water that bases manage or affect.

Updated drone rules for National Guard

Within 90 days, the Defense Department updates rules for National Guard drone use in emergencies, search and rescue, support to civil authorities, and support under 32 U.S.C. 502(f). Within 60 days after issuing the update, it briefs Congress and explains if the rules are more restrictive than for other aircraft.

Updated penalties on CIA property

The law changes the maximum penalty for unlawful conduct on CIA installations. The penalty now matches the maximum for a federal Class B misdemeanor. This strengthens enforcement tools on those sites.

New federal crimes for safety

It is a crime to knowingly block vehicles transporting nuclear weapons or materials. The penalty is arrest and up to a $1,000 fine. The law also creates a crime for using a role in an organization to further illicit sexual conduct, with penalties up to 30 years in prison.

Report on embassy accessibility worldwide

Within 180 days, the State Department must tell Congress which overseas missions are not accessible, what fixes are underway, and how much it would cost to make them accessible.

Changes to military health agency transfers

Research, development, and public health functions must transfer to the Defense Health Agency by September 30, 2024. The Secretary can let a service keep a function if it is unique and directly supports operating forces and national security. The Secretary must brief Congress by September 30, 2024 on any retained functions and why.

Funds PFAS drinking water health study

DoD can transfer up to $5 million in FY2024 to HHS to pay for the PFAS drinking water health study. This transfer authority is one‑time and limited to FY2024.

Defense Community Infrastructure Program made permanent

The law removes the “Pilot” label from the Defense Community Infrastructure Program. This makes the program permanent in statute and keeps the same basic rules for eligible communities.

Local governments get former base land

The Army and Navy can convey named parcels to local governments for public uses. Examples: about 3.33 acres to Wheeling, WV and 2.96 acres to New Martinsville, WV for emergency or law‑enforcement use. The Air Force can convey about 14.23 acres at Paine Field to Snohomish County at fair market value, accepted “as is.” Colts Neck, NJ can receive about 3.13 acres, paying at least fair market value in cash or in‑kind. Localities cover most conveyance costs, excess advances are refunded, and properties may revert if not used as agreed.

Extended senior hiring flexibility at DoD

The period when OPM certification is not required for a special appointment authority now runs through September 30, 2025. DoD must report by December 1, 2024 on how this authority is used and its results.

Faster hiring for federal tech jobs

For up to three years, agencies can directly hire up to 80 people into certain technical jobs: 25 in Data Science (1560), 25 in IT Management (2210), and 30 in Human Resources (0201). This bypasses some competitive hiring steps.

Flexible terms and roles for senior leaders

The Secretary of Defense can extend or shorten certain senior military appointments by up to six months to serve national defense or stagger terms. The Vice Chief of the National Guard Bureau serves at the grade of general and is excluded from certain officer caps. The Space Force gets a Legislative Liaison office to handle work with Congress.

More acquisition advisors at combatant commands

Each geographic combatant commander can hire up to two acquisition or contracting experts using the Defense Acquisition Workforce fund. These advisors help with foreign military sales and security cooperation. This authority ends December 31, 2028.

More transparency on school recruiting

DoD must brief Congress by December 31, 2024 and each year through 2028 on recruiting visits to public high schools and community colleges. The briefings list schools visited, number of recruits, and demographics by race, ethnicity, and gender. Data must use ZIP codes for community colleges and local education agencies for high schools.

New counterintelligence office at USDA with bonuses

By January 1, 2025, the government seeks to set up a counterintelligence office at USDA headquarters, subject to appropriations. Employees who join within 120 days and agree to two years get a one‑time bonus equal to 10% of base pay; those who complete two years may get another 10% for exceptional performance. Staff serve two‑year PCS assignments with reimbursement, and the Director reports on costs and schedule within 180 days.

Plan for lactation rooms at embassies

Within 180 days, the Department must report on plans to provide dedicated lactation rooms at all U.S. embassies and consulates. The report must include expected demand and the costs and resources needed. Rooms cannot be bathrooms and must be shielded from view and free from intrusion.

Training to cut over-classification

Agencies with classification authority must train staff who classify information to promote sensible classification and curb over‑classification. The law defines both terms and holds employees accountable.

Bases keep user fees for upkeep

Selected base commanders can charge users for maintenance and keep those reimbursements for sustainment and modernization projects. They can use the reimbursements alone or with other funds, and other funds cannot be cut because of reimbursements. The pilot runs through December 1, 2027.

Funds for naval petroleum reserves

The Department of Energy gets $13.01 million in FY2024 for naval petroleum reserve work. The money stays available until spent.

Greener building pilots at military bases

The law requires at least one pilot using mass timber and one using low‑carbon concrete. Construction under the pilot must start by January 1, 2025. Related deadlines move to September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2025.

More U.S.–Israel money to counter drones

The law raises authorized U.S. funding for joint counter‑drone work with Israel from $40 million to $55 million. This change takes effect on enactment.

Navy can buy six support vessels

Starting in FY2024, the Navy may contract for up to six Auxiliary Personnel Lighter class vessels. Payments depend on appropriations, and if ended early, the government only owes funds already obligated to that contract.

New flight tests for reentry tech

The Air Force can run a Reentry Vehicle Flight Test Bed Program and award grants and contracts for flight‑test work, including aeroshells, thermal protection, sensors, and guidance. It can also fund low‑cost, high‑cadence test platforms. This authority ends December 31, 2029, and activities are coordinated with DoD and the Navy.

New US-ASEAN Center to boost ties

The government may create a US‑ASEAN Center through a public‑private partnership. The Center can give research grants, support trade and investment, provide training, and run education programs, while avoiding duplication of current U.S. efforts.

Pentagon must buy U.S.-made flags

DoD must source U.S. flags from domestic makers. Purchases of $10,000 or less are excepted, and contracts cannot be split to avoid the rule. For buys over $10,000, the Secretary may waive the rule when appropriate. The rule applies to agreements entered into on or after enactment.

More support for biologics manufacturing research

The bioindustrial manufacturing program now includes pharmaceutical biologics and their precursors. This lets the program support biologics process development starting at enactment.

Permanent power to recall retirees

The Defense Department now has permanent authority to order retired members back to active duty for high‑need roles. If you are retired, you may be recalled under this standing law.

Service academy applications need test scores

Applicants to the Military, Naval, and Air Force Academies must submit standardized test scores. The Academies must consider those scores in admissions. This rule takes effect on enactment.

Ad vendors must certify no political bias

Companies that place DoD recruiting ads must certify they do not pick outlets based on political bias or misinformation labels. DoD must notify Congress when it contracts with listed or similar entities. This rule lasts one year from enactment.

EVs on bases need support plans

Non‑tactical electric, hydrogen, or advanced biofuel vehicles cannot be deployed at an installation until a support plan is completed and approved. The first deployment at a site must wait 180 days after approval. Later deployments must wait 60 days. Plans must ensure operations are not harmed and support facilities are in place.

Lower cap for Iraq security support

The law lowers the cap on funding for the Office of Security Cooperation in Iraq from $25 million to $18 million for FY2024. This reduces the maximum available support for those operations.

Navy halts digital ambassador program

The Navy stops its digital ambassador program right away. The Navy must tell each ambassador they cannot act. The program cannot restart until 60 days after the Navy sends Congress a detailed report and legal review.

Broader ban on Confucius Institute ties

The law expands what counts as a Confucius Institute. It now includes programs funded or supported by certain Chinese education groups and any cultural institute funded by the PRC. Programs tied to these groups may face federal funding limits.

Confucius Institute waivers end in 2026

The law ends the authority to issue waivers tied to Confucius Institutes on October 1, 2026. Any waiver stops applying on or after that date. Campuses that relied on these waivers lose that option.

No JROTC at China‑linked schools

Schools owned or controlled by specified Chinese government or military‑linked entities cannot start or keep JROTC units. The rule covers PRC, CCP, PLA, designated military companies, Non‑SDN CMIC entities, and their controlled affiliates.

Airport intellectual property violators lose grants

Entities that violated U.S. intellectual property rights remain ineligible for Airport Improvement Program grants through 2024. The change takes effect upon enactment.

Military justice updates and victim protections

Military workplace surveys now flag assaults that target someone for their group status. The law adds “dating partner” to covered relationships in domestic violence and stalking crimes. Special trial counsel can handle certain older offenses listed by date, and some cases must be sentenced by a military judge.

Hawaii base housing and land planning

DoD must study housing for covered Hawaii bases lacking a recent analysis and report within one year. The report must count off‑base service members and dependents, assess housing impacts, and recommend steps and costs. The Secretary must name, within 90 days, an official to coordinate renegotiations of DoD land leases in Hawaii expiring in 2029–2031 and notify Congress and the Governor within 30 days. These steps guide future housing and land decisions and may have mixed local effects.

Higher special pay, with limits, for intel jobs

Intelligence elements can offer higher special pay for jobs needing STEM or banking and financial skills. Each element is capped at the greater of 50 people or 5% of prior‑year full‑time positions receiving the higher rate in a year. Elements must report the rates and counts each year through September 1, 2025.

Prep course for low-scoring recruits

If over 10% of new nonprior enlistees score below the 31st AFQT percentile in a year, the service must run a preparatory course. Those recruits must enroll before basic training and raise their AFQT score by at least 10 points within 180 days. Anyone who does not meet that within 180 days is separated. This rule ends September 30, 2028.

Support process for schools serving military kids

DoDEA updates how it decides which local school districts get help when bases close or troops move. The DoDEA Director must brief Congress by March 1, 2024 on help provided and any needed extra authorities. These changes aim to improve how support is targeted and overseen.

Arizona Goldwater Range land changes

The Barry M. Goldwater Range now covers about 1.656 million acres. About 2,365.89 acres (the Gila Bend Addition) are added. A mining claim moves into the Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge and wilderness. The renewal date is now October 5, 2049.

CIA Director signs off on key decisions

Certain CIA procurement and personnel determinations cannot be delegated. The CIA Director must personally make those decisions under the cited laws. This changes internal oversight, not your taxes or benefits.

Continues ban on Navy port barriers

The one‑year ban on using funds for Navy port waterborne security barriers now runs through 2024. This affects Navy buying plans and related contractors.

DIA can use foreign partner funds

The Defense Intelligence Agency may accept and spend money from foreign partners for joint intelligence work. Funds cannot pay for items Congress has denied or for U.S.‑only benefit. The first report naming partners and uses is due by March 1, 2025, then annually for four years. This authority ends December 31, 2028.

Ends one Inspector General review step

The law removes a requirement for Inspectors General to review Enhanced Personnel Security Programs. This reduces one oversight step and takes effect now.

Limits on flags in DoD workplaces

Only approved flags may be shown in DoD workplaces or public areas. Approved flags include the U.S. flag, state flags, service flags, certain allied flags, the POW/MIA flag, and unit or ceremonial flags. Museums, memorials, art, grave sites, license plates, and most housing areas are excluded. Commanders can still enforce discipline.

Limits on some intelligence activities

DHS cannot increase the number of open-source analysts who mainly work on domestic terrorism above the level from the day before enactment. DoD cannot expand leased space for its web operations center until it submits a validated manpower study. Whistleblower notifications to the Intelligence Community Inspector General now go monthly, not in near real time. The prior rule allowing frequent updates to the violent extremist content list is limited as of the 2024 intelligence law. DHS intelligence officers face new limits on interviewing charged or detained people, journalists, or U.S. persons without a reasonable foreign‑intelligence basis.

NNSA adds staff, narrows programs

The National Nuclear Security Administration can hire up to 1,200 technical and management staff, up from 800. NNSA may not set up a lasting bioassurance program to expand DOE’s biodefense role, though other DOE parts may. NNSA also cannot spend funds from this law on research for a low‑enriched uranium naval fuel system.

Right-size and report on clearances

Agencies must study whether each security clearance is needed and report within one year. Reports must count Secret and Top Secret holders and show any planned reductions. By March 30, 2024 and yearly for five years, DNI and OPM must publish public reports on vetting and trust determinations.

Security aid and equipment rules updated

DoD must give Congress 15 days’ notice before treating unneeded or returned security‑aid gear as DoD stock. The authority to loan protective gear to partners now runs through December 31, 2029. U.S.–Israel anti‑tunnel cooperation continues through December 31, 2026. DoD, with State’s agreement, may let a foreign country sole‑source certain assistance, but must brief Congress within 72 hours with cost and sustainment details.

Security aid and training changes abroad

The law adjusts several partner‑security programs. It adds Kosovo to a U.S. training program and extends it to December 31, 2026. Combatant commands can use FY2024 funds for more security cooperation costs. A cyber cooperation pilot now includes Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Malaysia through December 31, 2027. For October 1, 2023 to December 31, 2024, coalition reimbursements are capped at $15 million. DoD must also consider whether a NATO country meets the 2% of GDP defense spending target when making basing and exercise choices.

Slightly more flex on troop sizes

The allowed variation for some authorized end strengths increases from 2% to 3%. New rules also allow up to 2% variation in other cases. This gives planners a bit more room to manage force size.

Stronger oversight of UAP programs

The law tightens controls on unidentified anomalous phenomena (UAP) work. Money cannot be used on UAP efforts under special access rules unless congressional leaders and committees are told first. UAP R&D costs cannot be billed as indirect contract expenses unless the material is shared with Congress. Agencies may delay public release of UAP records only for narrow reasons, must tell Congress within 15 days, and must give 60 days’ notice before withdrawing unrelated classified records. The All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office director now files the required report.

U.S. opposes calling China ‘developing’

U.S. policy now opposes labeling China as a developing nation in talks and organizations. The State Department and U.S. Trade Representative must report within 180 days on where development status changes benefits and how such labels are set, including at the WTO. The Secretary may seek status changes with allies. The President may waive action for national security with notice to Congress.

Upgrade at least 24 V-22 aircraft

DoD must upgrade at least 24 V‑22 aircraft under the nacelle improvement program, following the FY2024 plan. The Secretary can lower the number only by certifying to Congress that it is needed for national security.

Schools must allow military recruiters

Public high schools must allow military recruiters into career fairs or similar events when asked. Schools must provide requested information within 60 days. DoD reports access denials to Congress each February 1.

Sequester timing language adjusted

The law edits budget sequester timing language, changing a “6” to “7” and “second 6 months” to “last 5 months.” It changes timing descriptions only, not the amounts.

Sponsors & CoSponsors

Sponsor

Rogers, Mike D. [R-AL-3]

AL • R

Cosponsors

Rep. Smith, Adam [D-WA-9]
WA • D
Sponsored 4/18/2023

Roll Call Votes

All Roll Calls

Yes: 2,173 • No: 964

house vote • 12/14/2023

On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Agree to the Conference Report

Yes: 310 • No: 118

senate vote • 12/13/2023

On the Conference Report H.R. 2670

Yes: 87 • No: 13

senate vote • 12/13/2023

On the Motion (Motion to Waive the Rule 28 Point of Order Re: Section 7902 of the Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 2670)

Yes: 65 • No: 35

senate vote • 12/12/2023

On the Cloture Motion H.R. 2670

Yes: 85 • No: 15

senate vote • 12/12/2023

On the Motion to Table H.R. 2670

Yes: 26 • No: 73

senate vote • 12/7/2023

On the Motion to Proceed H.R. 2670

Yes: 82 • No: 15

senate vote • 11/15/2023

On the Motion (Motion to Insist on the Senate Amendment to H.R. 2670, Agree to the Request for Conference, and Authorize the Chair to Appoint Conferees)

Yes: 90 • No: 8

house vote • 9/20/2023

On Motion to Instruct Conferees

Yes: 205 • No: 214

house vote • 9/19/2023

On Closing Portions of the Conference

Yes: 401 • No: 19

house vote • 9/19/2023

On Motion to go to Conference

Yes: 393 • No: 27

house vote • 7/14/2023

On Passage

Yes: 219 • No: 210

house vote • 7/14/2023

On Motion to Recommit

Yes: 210 • No: 217

View on Congress.gov

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IntroducedAug 20

Cmte Reported,

Passed Origin Chbr,

Passed Second Chbr,

Resolving Diffs,

Enrolled,

Current StageIntroduced· 63d

Would block federal eminent domain for most agricultural land when a feasible alternative exists, defines covered land, and excludes tiny low‑income parcels.

DOL Rewrites Disability Rules for 'Merit-Based Opportunity' Push

RuleLabor DepartmentFederal Contract Compliance Programs OfficeSignificant Wallet

How These Connect

· reasoned by PRIA's knowledge graph

Graph Connectionstructural100% confidence