Norway

Two centuries of Viking raids into Europe tapered off after King Olav TRYGGVASON adopted Christianity in 994; conversion of the Norwegian kingdom occurred over the next several decades. In 1397, Norway was absorbed into a union with Denmark that lasted more than four centuries. In 1814, Norwegians resisted the cession of their country to Sweden and adopted a new constitution. Sweden then invaded Norway but agreed to let Norway keep its constitution in return for accepting the union under a Swedish king. Rising nationalism throughout the 19th century led to a 1905 referendum granting Norway independence. Norway remained neutral in World War I and proclaimed its neutrality at the outset of World War II, but Nazi Germany nonetheless occupied the country for five years (1940-45). In 1949, Norway abandoned neutrality and became a member of NATO. Discovery of oil and gas in adjacent waters in the late 1960s boosted Norway's economic fortunes. In referenda held in 1972 and 1994, Norway rejected joining the EU. Key domestic issues include immigration and integration of ethnic minorities, maintaining the country's extensive social safety net with an aging population, and preserving economic competitiveness.

The US Department of State currently recommends US citizens exercise normal precautions in Norway. Consult its website via the link below for updates to travel advisories and statements on safety, security, local laws, and special circumstances in this country. https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories.html

US citizens should make sure their passport will not expire for at least 6 months after they enter the country even if they do not intend to stay that long. They should also make sure they have at least 2 blank pages in their passport for any entry stamp that will be required. A visa is not required as long as you do not stay in the country more than 89 days.

[47] 21-30-85-40; US Embassy in Oslo, Morgedalsvegen 36, 0378 Oslo, Norway; OsloACS@state.gov; https://no.usembassy.gov/

47

112, 110

See WHO recommendations http://www.who.int/

Temperate along coast, modified by North Atlantic Current; colder interior with increased precipitation and colder summers; rainy year-round on west coast

Norwegian kroner (NOK)

230 V / 50 Hz / plug types(s): C, F

Bokmal Norwegian, Nynorsk Norwegian, small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities

Church of Norway (Evangelical Lutheran - official) 68.1%, Muslim 3.4%, Roman Catholic 3.1%, other Christian 3.8%

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time); daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March, ends last Sunday in October

Yes

Suggested

Right

Sognefjord; Pulpit Rock; Oslo (includes National Theater, Bygdoy, Viking Ships Museum, Akershus Fortress), Tromsø; Lofoten Islands; Bergen Hanseatic Warf

Soccer, winter sports (biatholon, cross-country skiing, ski jumping, speed skating), ice hockey, handball

Modesty is looked on favorably in Norway, while boastfulness is considered quite rude. This disposition stems from a cultural tradition known as Janet Law, which outlines a series of traditional Norwegian values.

Tipping is not required. It is, however, customary to leave a tip in restaurants and bars if you are happy with the service. A 10-20% tip is the norm. It is uncommon to tip taxi drivers or cleaning staff at hotels.

Wool-knit sweaters and socks, jewelry and watches; wood-carved ornaments, toys, and decorative items; ceramics, moose- and troll-themed items

Farikal — mutton-pieces-with-bone, cabbage, salt, and whole black pepper cooked together for several hours in a big pot, until the mutton becomes very soft

Wednesday, October 05, 2022

Northern Europe, bordering the North Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Sweden

62 00 N, 10 00 E

Europe

323,802 sq km

304,282 sq km

19,520 sq km

slightly larger than twice the size of Georgia; slightly larger than New Mexico

2,566 km

Finland 709 km; Sweden 1,666 km; Russia 191 km

25,148 km

note: includes the mainland at 2,650 km, as well as long fjords, numerous small islands, and minor indentations at 22,498 km; length of island coastlines is 58,133 km

12 nm

10 nm

200 nm

200 nm

temperate along coast, modified by North Atlantic Current; colder interior with increased precipitation and colder summers; rainy year-round on west coast

glaciated; mostly high plateaus and rugged mountains broken by fertile valleys; small, scattered plains; coastline deeply indented by fjords; arctic tundra in north

Galdhopiggen 2,469 m

Norwegian Sea 0 m

460 m

petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, titanium, pyrites, nickel, fish, timber, hydropower

2.7% (2023 est.)

arable land: 2.2% (2023 est.)

permanent crops: 0% (2023 est.)

permanent pasture: 0.5% (2023 est.)

33.3% (2023 est.)

64% (2023 est.)

337 sq km (2016)

most people live in the south; population clusters are found along the North Sea coast in the southwest and Skaggerak in the southeast; the interior areas of the north remain sparsely populated

rockslides, avalanches volcanism: Beerenberg (2,227 m) on Jan Mayen Island in the Norwegian Sea is the country's only active volcano

about two-thirds mountains; some 50,000 islands off its much-indented coastline; strategic location adjacent to sea lanes and air routes in North Atlantic; one of the most rugged and longest coastlines in the world

5,509,733 (2024 est.)

2,780,972

2,728,761

Norwegian(s)

Norwegian

Norwegian 81.5% (includes about 60,000 Sami), other European 8.9%, other 9.6% (2021 est.)

Bokmal Norwegian (official), Nynorsk Norwegian (official), small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities

Verdens Faktabok, den essensielle kilden for grunnleggende informasjon. (Norwegian) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

note: Sami has three dialects (Lule, North Sami, and South Sami) and is an official language in nine municipalities in the northernmost counties of Finnmark, Nordland, and Troms

Church of Norway (Evangelical Lutheran - official) 67.5%, Muslim 3.1%, Roman Catholic 3.1%, other Christian 3.8%, other 2.6%, unspecified 19.9% (2021 est.)

16.3% (male 461,979/female 438,243)

64.5% (male 1,820,692/female 1,734,818)

19.1% (2024 est.) (male 498,301/female 555,700)

55 (2024 est.)

25.3 (2024 est.)

29.6 (2024 est.)

3.4 (2024 est.)

note: data include Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands

41 years (2025 est.)

40.1 years

41.5 years

0.57% (2025 est.)

10.35 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

8.6 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

3.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

most people live in the south; population clusters are found along the North Sea coast in the southwest and Skaggerak in the southeast; the interior areas of the north remain sparsely populated

84% of total population (2023)

1.32% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note: data include Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands

1.086 million OSLO (capital) (2023)

1.05 male(s)/female

1.05 male(s)/female

1.05 male(s)/female

0.9 male(s)/female

1.02 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

29.8 years (2020 est.)

note: data is calculated based on actual age at first births

1 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

1.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)

2.1 deaths/1,000 live births

1.5 deaths/1,000 live births

82.9 years (2024 est.)

81.3 years

84.6 years

1.58 children born/woman (2025 est.)

0.77 (2025 est.)

urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)

rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)

total: 100% of population (2022 est.)

urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)

rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)

total: 0% of population (2022 est.)

8.1% of GDP (2022)

17.8% of national budget (2022 est.)

4.98 physicians/1,000 population (2023)

3.4 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)

urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)

rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)

total: 100% of population (2022 est.)

urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)

rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)

total: 0% of population (2022 est.)

23.1% (2016)

6.05 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

2.63 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

2.23 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

1 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

0.19 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

12% (2025 est.)

12.6% (2025 est.)

11.3% (2025 est.)

57.4% (2021 est.)

0% (2022)

0% (2022)

5.5% of GDP (2022 est.)

14.5% national budget (2022 est.)

19 years (2023 est.)

18 years (2023 est.)

20 years (2023 est.)

Kingdom of Norway

Norway

Kongeriket Norge

Norge

derives from the Old Norse words norre and vegr , meaning "northern way," and refers to the long coastline of western Norway

parliamentary constitutional monarchy

Oslo

59 55 N, 10 45 E

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

the name may derive from the Old Norwegian word os , meaning "estuary" and referring to the city's location on a fjord; alternatively, the name may come from As, a Scandinavian god, and Lo, a nearby river

12 counties ( fylker , singular - fylke ); Agder, Innlandet, More og Romsdal, Nordland, Oslo, Rogaland, Romsdal, Troms og Finnmark, Trondelag, Vestfold og Telemark, Vestland, Viken (2024)

Bouvet Island, Jan Mayen, Svalbard (3)

mixed system of civil, common, and customary law; Supreme Court can advise on legislative acts

drafted spring 1814, adopted 16 May 1814, signed by Constituent Assembly 17 May 1814

proposals submitted by members of Parliament or by the government within the first three years of Parliament's four-year term; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of a two-thirds quorum in the next elected Parliament

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

no

at least one parent must be a citizen of Norway

yes

7 years

18 years of age; universal

King HARALD V (since 17 January 1991)

Prime Minister Jonas Gahr STORE (since 14 October 2021)

Council of State appointed by the monarch, approved by Parliament

the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the monarch usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister, with the approval of Parliament

Parliament (Stortinget)

unicameral

169 (all directly elected)

proportional representation

full renewal

4 years

9/8/2025

Labour Party (53); Progress Party (47); Conservative Party (24); Socialist Left Party (9); Center Party (9); Red Party (9); Other (18)

40.2%

September 2029

Supreme Court or Hoyesterett (consists of the chief justice and 18 associate justices)

justices appointed by the monarch (King in Council) on the recommendation of the Judicial Appointments Board; justices can serve until mandatory retirement at age 70

Courts of Appeal or Lagmennsrett; regional and district courts; Conciliation Boards; ordinary and special courts

note: in addition to professionally trained judges, elected lay judges sit on the bench with professional judges in the Courts of Appeal and district courts

Center Party or Sp Christian Democratic Party or KrF Conservative Party or H Green Party or MDG Labor Party or Ap Liberal Party or V Patient Focus or PF Progress Party or FrP Red Party or R Socialist Left Party or SV

Ambassador Anniken Scharning HUITFELDT (since 18 September 2024)

2720 34th Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

[1] (202) 333-6000

[1] (202) 469-3990

emb.washington@mfa.no https://www.norway.no/en/usa/

New York, San Francisco

Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Eric MEYER (since August 2024)

Morgedalsvegen 36, 0378 Oslo

5460 Oslo Place, Washington DC 20521-5460

[47] 21-30-85-40

[47] 22-56-27-51

OsloACS@state.gov https://no.usembassy.gov/

ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EFTA, EITI (implementing country), ESA, FAO, FATF, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMISS, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

7 June 1905 (union with Sweden declared dissolved); 26 October 1905 (Sweden agreed to the repeal of the union); notable earlier dates: ca. 872 (traditional unification of Norwegian kingdoms by HARALD Fairhair); 1397 (Kalmar Union of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden); 1524 (Denmark-Norway); 17 May 1814 (Norwegian constitution adopted); 4 November 1814 (Sweden-Norway union confirmed)

Constitution Day, 17 May (1814)

description: red with a blue cross outlined in white that extends to the edges of the flag; the the cross is shifted to the left side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag) meaning: the colors represent Norway's past political unions with Denmark (red and white) and Sweden (blue)

lion

red, white, blue

"Kongesangen" (Song of the King)

Gustav JENSEN

royal anthem; uses the tune of "God Save the King," the United Kingdom's anthem

note: since 2011, the patriotic song “Mitt lille land” has been called a new national anthem and is sometimes performed at patriotic events, but it is not used as often as “Ja, vi elsker dette landet”

8 (7 cultural, 1 natural)

Bryggen (c); Urnes Stave Church (c); Røros Mining Town and the Circumference (c); Rock Art of Alta (c); Vegaøyan – The Vega Archipelago (c); Struve Geodetic Arc (c); West Norwegian Fjords – Geirangerfjord and Nærøyfjord (n); Rjukan-Notodden Industrial Heritage Site (c)

high-income, non-EU economy with trade links via European Economic Area (EEA); key role in European energy security as leader in oil, gas, and electricity exports; major fishing, forestry, and oil(?) extraction industries; oil sovereign fund supports generous welfare system; low unemployment; inflation moderating but remains above target level

$507.68 billion (2024 est.)

$497.236 billion (2023 est.)

$496.877 billion (2022 est.)

note: data in 2021 dollars

2.1% (2024 est.)

0.1% (2023 est.)

3.2% (2022 est.)

note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

$91,100 (2024 est.)

$90,100 (2023 est.)

$91,100 (2022 est.)

note: data in 2021 dollars

$483.727 billion (2024 est.)

note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

3.1% (2024 est.)

5.5% (2023 est.)

5.8% (2022 est.)

note: annual % change based on consumer prices

2% (2024 est.)

37% (2024 est.)

51.8% (2024 est.)

note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

37.7% (2023 est.)

22% (2023 est.)

21.7% (2023 est.)

2.6% (2023 est.)

47.9% (2023 est.)

-32.5% (2023 est.)

note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

milk, barley, potatoes, oats, wheat, pork, chicken, beef, eggs, carrots/turnips (2023)

note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

petroleum and gas, shipping, fishing, aquaculture, food processing, shipbuilding, pulp and paper products, metals, chemicals, timber, mining, textiles

2.4% (2024 est.)

note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

3.042 million (2024 est.)

note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

4% (2024 est.)

3.6% (2023 est.)

3.3% (2022 est.)

note: % of labor force seeking employment

11.6% (2024 est.)

12.3% (2024 est.)

10.8% (2024 est.)

note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

12.2% (2021 est.)

note: % of population with income below national poverty line

26.9 (2022 est.)

note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

11.7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

3.9% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

3.5% (2022 est.)

22% (2022 est.)

note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

0.1% of GDP (2024 est.)

0.1% of GDP (2023 est.)

0.1% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

$261.945 billion (2023 est.)

$178.156 billion (2023 est.)

note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

36.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data exclude treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

27.1% (of GDP) (2023 est.)

note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

$82.511 billion (2024 est.)

$84.104 billion (2023 est.)

$170.714 billion (2022 est.)

note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

$229.205 billion (2024 est.)

$230.882 billion (2023 est.)

$323.875 billion (2022 est.)

note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Germany 18%, UK 17%, Sweden 9%, Denmark 7%, Netherlands 6% (2023)

note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

natural gas, crude petroleum, fish, refined petroleum, aluminum (2023)

note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

$162.467 billion (2024 est.)

$156.11 billion (2023 est.)

$160.649 billion (2022 est.)

note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Sweden 11%, Germany 11%, China 11%, USA 7%, Netherlands 5% (2023)

note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

cars, refined petroleum, ships, nickel, garments (2023)

note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

$81.242 billion (2024 est.)

$80.459 billion (2023 est.)

$72.077 billion (2022 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Norwegian kroner (NOK) per US dollar -

10.746 (2024 est.)

10.563 (2023 est.)

9.614 (2022 est.)

8.59 (2021 est.)

9.416 (2020 est.)

100% (2022 est.)

41.1 million kW (2023 est.)

127.335 billion kWh (2023 est.)

30.978 billion kWh (2023 est.)

13.232 billion kWh (2023 est.)

7.025 billion kWh (2023 est.)

1.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

9.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

89.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

120,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

1.096 million metric tons (2023 est.)

60,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

1.042 million metric tons (2023 est.)

2 million metric tons (2023 est.)

2.02 million bbl/day (2023 est.)

229,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)

8.122 billion barrels (2021 est.)

121.637 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

5.082 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

117.597 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

104.744 million cubic meters (2023 est.)

1.544 trillion cubic meters (2021 est.)

206.961 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

145,000 (2022 est.)

3 (2022 est.)

6.09 million (2022 est.)

111 (2022 est.)

state-owned public radio and TV broadcaster operates 3 nationwide TV stations, 3 nationwide radio stations, and 16 regional radio stations; roughly a dozen privately owned TV stations broadcast nationally, and another 25 locally; nearly 75% of households have access to multi-channel cable or satellite TV; 2 privately owned radio stations broadcast nationwide, with another 240 local stations; Norway was the first country to phase out FM radio in favor of Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) (2019)

.no

99% (2023 est.)

2.49 million (2022 est.)

46 (2022 est.)

LN

146 (2025)

113 (2025)

3,848 km (2020) 2,482 km electrified

1,720 (2022)

bulk carrier 109, container ship 1, general cargo 274, oil tanker 95, other 1,241

141 (2024)

1

10

34

90

6

54

Bergen, Drammen, Hammerfest, Harstad, Horten, Karsto, Mongstad, Oslo, Stavanger, Tromso, Trondheim

Norwegian Armed Forces (Forsvaret or "the Defense"): Norwegian Army (Haeren), Royal Norwegian Navy (Kongelige Norske Sjoeforsvaret; includes Coastal Rangers and Coast Guard (Kystvakt)), Royal Norwegian Air Force (Kongelige Norske Luftforsvaret), Home Guard (Heimevernet, HV) (2025)

note: the Norwegian Police Service is under the Ministry of Justice and Public Security

3.4% of GDP (2025 est.)

2.3% of GDP (2024 est.)

1.8% of GDP (2023 est.)

1.5% of GDP (2022 est.)

1.7% of GDP (2021 est.)

approximately 27,000 active military personnel; approximately 40,000 Home Guard (2025)

the military has an inventory of modern, domestically produced and imported Western European and US armaments; Norway's defense industry participates in joint development and production of weapons systems with other European countries (2025)

17 (men) or 18 (women) for voluntary military service; all Norwegian citizens 19-44 are subject to selective compulsory military service; 19-month service obligation for those selected (12 months plus 4-5 refresher training periods) (2025)

note 1: Norway has had compulsory military service since 1907; individuals conscripted each year are selected from a larger cohort who are evaluated through online assessments and physical tests note 2: Norway was the first NATO country to allow women to serve in all combat arms branches of the military (1985); it also has an all-female special operations unit known as Jegertroppen (The Hunter Troop), which was established in 2014

around 100 Lithuania (NATO); Norway also deploys air and naval assets in support of other NATO operations (2025)

the Norwegian Armed Forces (Forsvaret) are responsible for protecting Norway and its allies, including monitoring Norway’s airspace, digital, land, and maritime areas, maintaining the country’s borders and sovereignty, contributing to NATO and UN missions, and providing support to civil society, such as assisting the police, search and rescue, and maritime counterterrorism efforts; the military’s territorial and sovereignty defense missions are complicated by Norway’s vast sea areas, numerous islands, long and winding fjords, and difficult and mountainous terrain; a key area of emphasis is its far northern border with Russia Norway is one of the original members of NATO, and the Alliance is a key component of Norway’s defense policy; the Forsvaret participates in NATO exercises, missions, and operations, including air policing of NATO territory, NATO’s Enhanced Forward Presence mission in the Baltic States and Eastern Europe, and standing naval missions, as well as operations in non-NATO areas, such as the Middle East the Forsvaret also cooperates closely with the militaries of other Nordic countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (NORDEFCO; established 2009), which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden; Norway contributes to the UK-led Joint Expeditionary Force, a pool of high-readiness military forces from 10 Baltic and Scandinavian countries designed to respond to a wide range of contingencies in the High North, North Atlantic, and Baltic Sea regions; Norway has close military ties with the US, including rotational US military deployments and an agreement allowing for mutual defense activities and US military forces to access some Norwegian facilities the Forsvaret's origins go back to the leidangen, defense forces which were established along the coastline in the 10th century to protect the Norwegian coast (2025)

129,894 (2024 est.)

1,621 (2024 est.)

water pollution; acid rain damaging forests and affecting lakes and fish stocks; air pollution from vehicle emissions

Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling

none of the selected agreements

temperate along coast, modified by North Atlantic Current; colder interior with increased precipitation and colder summers; rainy year-round on west coast

2.7% (2023 est.)

arable land: 2.2% (2023 est.)

permanent crops: 0% (2023 est.)

permanent pasture: 0.5% (2023 est.)

33.3% (2023 est.)

64% (2023 est.)

84% of total population (2023)

1.32% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note: data include Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands

38.535 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

2.929 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

25.576 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

10.029 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

7 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

31 kt (2022-2024 est.)

99.8 kt (2019-2021 est.)

33 kt (2019-2021 est.)

6.2 kt (2019-2021 est.)

4.15 million tons (2024 est.)

35.3% (2022 est.)

773.41 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

1.071 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

844.9 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

393 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

5 (2025)

Gea Norvegica; Fjord Coast; Magma; Sunnhordland; Trollfjell (2025)

the Norwegian Space Agency (NOSA, aka Norsk Romsenter; established 1987) (2025)

Andøya Space Center (Andøya Island; note - first operational spaceport in continental Europe) (2025)

jointly designs and builds satellites with foreign partners, including communications, remote sensing (RS), scientific, and navigational/positional satellites; develops and launches sounding rockets; researches and produces a range of other space-related technologies, including satellite/space launch vehicle (SLV) and space station components, telescopes, and robotics; conducts solar and telecommunications research; member of the ESA; participates in international programs such as the International Space Station; hosts training on the island of Svalbard for Mars landing missions; cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of Canada, ESA/EU member states, Japan, Russia, and the US; has an active and advanced private-sector space industry that works with domestic and foreign space programs (2025)

1962 - launched first research rocket 1992 - began operating first communications satellite (THOR-1) 2010 - built first satellite (AISSat-1) to monitor from polar orbit Automatic Identification Signals from ships (launched by India) 2017 - launched two microsatellites (NorSat-1 and -2) to track commercial sea vessels 2025 - signed US-led Artemis Accords for space and lunar exploration