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Household cleaners, disinfectants, and sanitation products.
Why it matters · Recalls and supply shocks can leave households without essential sanitation products.
12
Inputs
48
Companies
27
Facilities
10
Source countries
How it's made
Petrochemical feedstock preparation
Benzene (from refinery reformate or coal tar) and C10-C13 linear paraffins (from kerosene hydrotreating) are purified and combined. These alkylation feedstocks are co-located near crude refineries; Gulf Coast Texas/Louisiana is the dominant US hub.
LAB synthesis (alkylation) and sulfonation to LABSA
Paraffins are dehydrogenated to olefins, then alkylated with benzene over a HF or UOP Detal catalyst to produce Linear Alkylbenzene (LAB). LAB is immediately sulfonated with SO3 (falling-film reactor) to form Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonic Acid (LABSA), the 96% active viscous precursor to LAS surfactant.
Neutralization and specialty chemical manufacturing
LABSA is neutralized with NaOH or Na2CO3 to produce LAS (sodium LAS). In parallel: quaternary ammonium compounds (benzalkonium chloride, DDAC) are synthesized from fatty amines and alkyl chlorides; bleach (NaOCl) is made by chlorinating NaOH; isopropyl alcohol (IPA) is produced via propylene hydration or acetone hydrogenation.
Formulation and compounding
Active surfactants (LAS, SLES, quats), builders (zeolites, citrates), solvents (IPA, propylene glycol), enzymes, fragrance, colorant, and preservatives are batched in computer-controlled mixing tanks with agitators. pH is adjusted; viscosity is measured. Laundry powders require spray drying of slurry at high temperature.
Quality testing and regulatory compliance
Finished product tested for active ingredient concentration, pH, viscosity, microbial limits, and efficacy. Disinfectants must pass EPA-registered kill-time protocols against SARS-CoV-2 per List N. CPSC and FDA labeling requirements are verified before release.
Filling, packaging and distribution
Automated filling lines dispense liquids into HDPE bottles (laundry, dish soap, bleach) or PET bottles (spray cleaners). Wipe products are cut and saturated on nonwoven polyester spunlace substrate, then rolled into canisters. Finished cases are palletized and distributed via retail DC network or direct-to-commercial.
What it's made of
12 raw inputs feed cleaning and sanitation supplies. Inputs flagged with ● are critical, without them, production halts.
chemical
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Where it comes from
Weighted share of upstream inputs sourced from each country.
| Country | Weighted share | Inputs supplied to cleaning and sanitation supplies |
|---|---|---|
| CACanada | 36% | Ethylene Oxide (EO) · HDPE Resin (bottle packaging) · Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA) +7 |
| USUnited States | 27% | Ethylene Oxide (EO) · Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA) · Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonic Acid / LAS (LABSA) +2 |
| CNChina | 24% | Ethylene Oxide (EO) · Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA) · Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS/LABSA) +6 |
| EUEuropean Unionno map | 18% | Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (BAC/DDAC) |
| DEGermany | 12% | Ethylene Oxide (EO) · Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA) · Nonwoven Spunlace Fabric (wipe substrate) +5 |
| ZASouth Africa | 12% | Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA) |
| INIndia | 9% | Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA) · Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonic Acid / LAS (LABSA) · Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS/LABSA) +3 |
| THThailand | 9% | Nonwoven Spunlace Fabric (wipe substrate) · Propylene Glycol (PG) |
| FIFinland | 9% | Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (BAC/DDAC) · Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (Quats: BAC, DDAC) |
| SASaudi Arabia | 8% | Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS/LABSA) |
Shipped finished
Countries that ship finished cleaning and sanitation supplies directly to the U.S., distinct from the upstream raw inputs above.
| Country | U.S. imports | Share of U.S. imports |
|---|---|---|
| MXMexico | $799M | 27% |
| CACanada | $512M | 18% |
| CNChina | $329M | 11% |
| DEGermany (Federal Republic of Germany) | $215M | 7% |
| KRSouth Korea (Republic of Korea) | $132M | 5% |
| GBUnited Kingdom | $99M | 3% |
| JPJapan | $97M | 3% |
| ITItaly | $86M | 3% |
| INIndia | $68M | 2% |
| PLPoland | $64M | 2% |
Who makes it
48 companies in this supply chain, sorted by market share.
Maker of Clorox bleach and disinfectant wipes. Reported 500% demand spike in 2020; brought on 10 new suppliers; took months to restore supply. Sodium hypochlorite producer.
Supplies these inputs
Sodium Hypochlorite (Bleach)
Replaceability
Substitutability 65% · 3 mo to replace
Lonza Group AG (Visp, Switzerland; SIX: LONN; ~CHF 6.7B revenue) is the world's largest pharmaceutical and biotech CDMO (Contract Development and Manufacturing Organization). Primary business is biologic drug manufacturing (mammalian cell culture, microbial fermentation) for pharma clients. Manufactured Moderna COVID-19 mRNA. Sold Specialty Ingredients (biocides: benzalkonium chloride, quats) to Arxada in 2021. Capsules and health ingredients division (HPMC and gelatin capsules) is the world's largest hard capsule manufacturer.
Supplies these inputs
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (BAC/DDAC) · Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (Quats: BAC, DDAC)
Replaceability
Substitutability 25% · 12 mo to replace
Business segments
Created in October 2021 when Lonza Group sold its Specialty Ingredients division to private equity firms Bain Capital and Cinven for CHF 4.2 billion. Arxada is the world's largest biocide and quat (BAC/DDAC/ADBAC) manufacturer, with 24 production sites globally. Key US facility: Williamsport, Pennsylvania (3500 Trenton Avenue) — the primary ADBAC/DDAC production site in the US. Arxada absorbed Arch Chemicals' biocide business when Lonza acquired Arch in 2011 for $1.4 billion. Product lines: Lonzagard BKC, ADBAC, DDAC. A member of both the ADBAC Issues Steering Committee and the DDAC Issues Steering Committee at EPA.
Supplies these inputs
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (BAC/DDAC)
Replaceability
Substitutability 25% · 18 mo to replace
Business segments
Stepan Company (Northfield IL; NYSE: SCL; ~$2.3B revenue) is the largest US-based surfactant manufacturer. Stepan's Surfactants segment (approximately 65% of revenue) produces SLES and a broad range of anionic, nonionic, and amphoteric surfactants for personal care, detergent, agricultural, and industrial markets. Key US plants: Maywood NJ (fatty acid sulfonation), Elwood IL, and Millsdale IL (largest plant — Joliet IL area). International plants in Voreppe France, Manno Switzerland, Nanjing China, Pasir Gudang Malaysia, and Ecatepec Mexico. Stepan holds exclusive rights to produce certain specialty low-1,4-dioxane SLES grades — a competitive advantage as New York and other states tighten dioxane limits.
Supplies these inputs
Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonic Acid / LAS (LABSA) · Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS/LABSA) · Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (BAC/DDAC)
Replaceability
Substitutability 28% · 6 mo to replace
Business segments
ExxonMobil Chemical Company (Spring, Texas; NYSE: XOM; chemical segment ~$12B revenue) produces Vistalon EPDM at its Baton Rouge, Louisiana and Baytown, Texas complexes — two of the world's largest integrated petrochemical sites. Vistalon EPDM holds an estimated 12-15% global market share. ExxonMobil's ethylene and propylene feedstock integration at its Gulf Coast facilities provides a cost structure advantage for EPDM production. Vistalon is used in automotive seals, roofing membranes, wire insulation, and plumbing and water system gaskets. ExxonMobil also produces Butyl rubber (Butyl IIR) and other specialty elastomers from the same Gulf Coast facilities — the same sites producing vehicle fuel also produce the rubber seals used in plumbing systems.
Supplies these inputs
HDPE Resin (bottle packaging) · Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA)
Replaceability
Substitutability 50% · 3 mo to replace
Business segments
American materials science company (NYSE: DOW, HQ Midland MI); one of 5 named dominant US IPA producers. Historical data shows Dow held ~12% of the IPA market from its Texas City, TX facility (906 million lb / 411,000 MT capacity as of ~2003). Dow's IPA operations are part of its Performance Monomers & Solvents business. Dow announced $250M expansion of its Louisiana IPA plant in Q4 2023. Dow's Freeport TX site is the largest chemical production complex in the Western Hemisphere — same campus produces IPA alongside ethylene, propylene, polyethylene, epoxy, and dozens of other chemicals. Dow is the #2 IPA producer in the US. Dow also makes high-purity electronic-grade IPA for semiconductor applications through its purification technology.
Supplies these inputs
Ethylene Oxide (EO) · Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA)
Replaceability
Substitutability 40% · 4 mo to replace
Business segments
Leading maker of silicates, zeolites and refining catalysts; historic major supplier of detergent-grade zeolite 4A and zeolite-based catalysts.
Supplies these inputs
Zeolite 4A (laundry builder)
Replaceability
Substitutability 60% · 6 mo to replace
Business segments
LyondellBasell Industries N.V. (Rotterdam Netherlands; NYSE: LYB; ~$40B revenue; world's largest polyolefin producer by volume) produces meltblown-grade PP resins under its Moplen and Adflex brand families. LyondellBasell's Spheripol and Spherizone PP polymerization technologies enable production of specialty high-MFR grades with controlled molecular weight distribution for meltblown fiber production. LyondellBasell's Channelview TX, La Porte TX, and Rotterdam Netherlands PP plants are primary meltblown-grade production sites. LyondellBasell also produces metallocene-catalyzed PP grades (Metocene series) that compete with Ziegler-Natta-based meltblown resins by offering tighter molecular weight control. LyondellBasell holds an estimated 18-22% of global meltblown PP resin supply and is the most geographically diversified meltblown PP producer, with production across the US, Netherlands, Germany, and Italy.
Supplies these inputs
HDPE Resin (bottle packaging) · Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA) · Propylene Glycol (PG)
Replaceability
Substitutability 50% · 3 mo to replace
Business segments
Largest global LAB producer (~18% global share, 600 kt/yr capacity). Facilities in Spain, Brazil, and Canada. Major supplier to North American and European LABSA/LAS market.
Supplies these inputs
Linear Alkylbenzene (LAB)
Replaceability
Substitutability 35% · 12 mo to replace
European leader in linear alkylbenzene (LAB) and LABSA production; ~18% global LAB market share. Operated by CEPSA (Compañía Española de Petróleos), owned by Abu Dhabi National Energy Company (TAQA) and The Carlyle Group. Huelva, Spain plant is the largest single LAB production site in Europe.
Supplies these inputs
Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS/LABSA)
Replaceability
Substitutability 45% · 6 mo to replace
Business segments
Engineered/wet-laid nonwovens maker (merged into Magnera 2024); alkaline-battery and specialty separator media.
Supplies these inputs
Nonwoven Spunlace Fabric (wipe substrate)
Replaceability
Substitutability 55% · 6 mo to replace
Business segments
Largest commercial EtO sterilization services company in the US (~50% market share); operates ~50 facilities globally including key US sites; faced multiple facility closures 2019-2022 due to EPA enforcement on EtO emissions, creating medical device supply chain crises.
Supplies these inputs
Ethylene Oxide (EO)
Replaceability
Substitutability 20% · 24 mo to replace
Business segments
Second largest global LABSA producer (~13% global market share). Integrated from coal/gas feedstocks to LAB to LABSA. Production in South Africa and US (Lake Charles, LA).
Supplies these inputs
Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonic Acid / LAS (LABSA)
Replaceability
Substitutability 40% · 9 mo to replace
World's largest chemical company by revenue; dominant Western producer of food-grade sodium nitrite. BASF expanded sodium nitrite production capacity in Germany specifically to meet growing demand for high-purity pharmaceutical and food applications. Primary production at Ludwigshafen (world's largest contiguous chemical complex). Also produces sodium nitrite catalysts, sulfuric acid, and intermediates for pharmaceutical synthesis. BASF sells food-grade sodium nitrite to meat processors globally through distribution networks and third-party channels.
Supplies these inputs
Ethylene Oxide (EO) · Propylene Glycol (PG)
Replaceability
Substitutability 40% · 4 mo to replace
Business segments
UK-based chemical conglomerate (private, HQ London); major European IPA producer through INEOS Solvents (formerly Sasol Solvents Germany, acquired ~2021). INEOS has IPA production capacity of 155,000 MT/year at Moers, Germany and 85,000 MT/year at Herne, Germany; also produces IPA at Grangemouth, Scotland. Combined INEOS IPA+ethanol output from European sites approaches 1 million MT/year. INEOS opened a new IPA purification unit in Belgium with 140,000 MT/year capacity in Q1 2024. During COVID-19, INEOS built hand sanitizer plants in the UK and Germany in 10 days to address European shortage. INEOS acquired Sasol's German-based European Solvent Business, making it the dominant IPA producer in Europe. Chairman Sir Jim Ratcliffe is the UK's wealthiest person — the IPA in European hand sanitizers largely comes from facilities owned by a billionaire F1 team owner.
Supplies these inputs
Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA)
Replaceability
Substitutability 55% · 5 mo to replace
Business segments
US specialty chemical company (Cincinnati OH, 2744 East Kemper Road); one of the three US domestic ADBAC/DDAC producers. Acquired Mason Chemical Company (Arlington Heights, IL) in January 2013, making it the third US domestic quat producer of record alongside Arxada and Stepan. Mason Chemical had been an original member of the ADBAC Issues Steering Committee at EPA, with registered EPA biocide product lines that Pilot inherited. Pilot produces the Nobac® BAC/ADBAC line and Mason® CS line (CSEBC-50, CSEBC-80). Additional manufacturing in Texas, New Jersey, and Mexico.
Supplies these inputs
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (BAC/DDAC)
Replaceability
Substitutability 30% · 18 mo to replace
Business segments
Irish-listed contract sterilization and sterile processing company; second-largest EtO contract sterilizer in the US and globally after Sterigenics/Sotera Health; operates multiple EtO sterilization facilities across North America and Europe; also provides gamma, e-beam, and X-ray sterilization; major contract sterilizer for medical device manufacturers including dialysis bloodline tubing sets
Supplies these inputs
Ethylene Oxide (EO)
Replaceability
Substitutability 25% · 18 mo to replace
Business segments
Finnish nonwovens maker; world leader in spunlace/hydroentangled nonwovens for wipes substrates.
Supplies these inputs
Nonwoven Spunlace Fabric (wipe substrate)
Replaceability
Substitutability 50% · 6 mo to replace
Business segments
Where it's made
27 facilities producing inputs that feed cleaning and sanitation supplies.
Arxada (formerly Lonza Specialty Ingredients) · Williamsport, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania · chemical_plant
Primary US ADBAC/DDAC/BAC production facility (3500 Trenton Avenue, Williamsport PA 17701). This is the correct US quat manufacturing site — not Greenwood SC, which is an Arxada/Lonza capsule/pharma dosage form facility. Williamsport was the original Arch Chemicals biocide site; absorbed into Lonza when Lonza acquired Arch for $1.4B in 2011, then passed to Arxada when Bain Capital/Cinven acquired Lonza Specialty Ingredients in 2021 for CHF 4.2B.
BASF SE · Rhineland-Palatinate · manufacturing
World's largest contiguous chemical manufacturing complex (~10km²; 200+ production plants). BASF produces food-grade and pharmaceutical-grade sodium nitrite here, with expanded capacity specifically for high-purity applications. The Verbund concept means all BASF chemical plants share feedstocks, energy, and infrastructure on one campus — making Ludwigshafen the single most critical chemical production site in the world by product diversity.
CEPSA Química · Puente Mayorga, San Roque, Cádiz (NOT Huelva) · linear alkylbenzene manufacturing
Largest single LAB production complex in Europe; integrated with Huelva petrochemical cluster. Produces linear alkylbenzene (LAB) which is then sulfonated to LABSA — the primary active ingredient in laundry and dish detergents worldwide. ~18% global LAB market share from this single geographic hub.
ELAB (Egyptian Linear Alkyl Benzene Company) · Egypt (industrial zone) · chemical_plant
100,000 MT/year nameplate LAB capacity using UOP Detal catalyst technology; production began 2008. Achieved record 141,000 MT in 2025 (41% above design capacity). Serves Middle East and North Africa detergent markets. Egypt's domestic LAB production reduces regional dependence on imported LAB from Spain and Asia.
ExxonMobil Chemical · Louisiana · manufacturing
ExxonMobil's Baton Rouge, Louisiana chemical plant is the world's largest single isopropyl alcohol manufacturing facility. ExxonMobil began commercial IPA production in 1920 (over 100 years of operation). The plant has served semiconductor applications since 1992. ExxonMobil announced $100M+ investment to upgrade Baton Rouge by 2027 for 99.999% ultra-pure electronic-grade IPA. Source: https://corporate.exxonmobil.com/what-we-do/materials-for-modern-living/high-purity-solvent-to-support-next-generation-of-tech-manufacturing
Dow Chemical · Texas · chemical_plant
Dow's Freeport, Texas campus — the largest chemical production complex in the Western Hemisphere — produces isopropyl alcohol alongside dozens of other petrochemicals. Dow announced $250M expansion of its Louisiana IPA plant in Q4 2023 (exact Louisiana facility TBD). Historical data shows Dow had ~411,000 MT IPA capacity in the US. Source: https://corporate.dow.com/en-us/locations/freeport.html
Lonza Group · South Carolina · chemical_plant
US quat (benzalkonium chloride, DDAC) production for Lonza biocide product lines.
CEPSA · Andalusia · chemical_plant
Largest single LAB production site; integrated with refinery for paraffin and benzene feedstock.
INEOS Solvents · North Rhine-Westphalia · manufacturing
INEOS Solvents (formerly Sasol Solvents) IPA production at Moers, Germany; capacity 155,000 MT/year. Produces oxygenated solvents including IPA and secondary butyl alcohol (SBA). Source: https://www.ineos.com/sites/herne/ and ICIS market data.
Indian Oil Corporation (LAB) · Koyali, Vadodara District, Gujarat · chemical_plant
162,000 MT/year LAB capacity (after 2022 expansion from original 120,000 MT); India's single largest LAB production unit and was world's largest single-train LAB plant at commissioning in 2004. IOCL is now the single largest LAB supplier in India. Integrated with Gujarat Refinery for NP feedstock from kerosene.
ISU Chemical · Ulsan, South Korea · chemical_plant
ISU Chemical's primary LAB and LABSA production site; ~140,000 MT/year LAB after four expansions from original 20,000 MT. Sole domestic Korean producer of normal paraffins (NP) — fully integrated NP→LAB→LABSA. Ulsan is South Korea's largest industrial city and primary petrochemical hub.
ISU Chemical · Ulsan · manufacturing
ISU Chemical IPA manufacturing plant in Ulsan, South Korea (plus related Onsan site nearby). Monthly capacity of 4,000-5,000 MT (48,000-60,000 MT/year). ISU developed its IPA production technology in-house. Ulsan is South Korea's industrial heartland — same city where Hyundai Motor and POSCO Steel operate. Source: https://www.isu.co.kr/eng/business/chemical.jsp and Korea Herald March 2020.
Sasol Chemicals · Louisiana · chemical_plant
Sasol US ethylene and higher alcohol production; key site for surfactant intermediates in North America.
Lonza Group · Greenwood, South Carolina · quaternary ammonium compound manufacturing
One of Lonza's primary US quat production facilities (BAC, DDAC, and related compounds). During COVID-19, this plant — along with the 2 other domestic quat producers — ran at maximum capacity yet could not meet demand for disinfectant wipes. Spunlace substrate shortage was the actual binding constraint that limited wipe output even with adequate quat supply.
LyondellBasell Industries N.V. · Texas · manufacturing
LyondellBasell's La Porte, Texas manufacturing complex on the Houston Ship Channel; primary US IPA production site. LYB announced 25% IPA capacity expansion at Texas facility in November 2025. LYB's PO/SM co-production process generates propylene oxide and IPA as co-products. Source: https://www.chemanalyst.com/industry-report/north-america-isopropyl-alcohol-ipa-market-171
Monument Chemical · Texas · manufacturing
Monument Chemical IPA production facility at 16717 Jacintoport Blvd, Houston TX 77015, on the Houston Ship Channel. Scaled production in 2020-2021 to supply domestic demand for hand sanitizers and disinfectants during COVID-19 pandemic. Offers Industrial Grade and USP Grade IPA. Source: https://monumentchemical.com/products?id=1272757/isopropyl-alcohol-ipa
Novo Nordisk Pharmatech (FeF Chemicals) · Køge, Zealand · chemical_plant
Global leader in pharmaceutical-grade benzalkonium chloride; FeF Chemicals brand has produced pharma BAC for 70+ years. Supplies Ph.Eur., USP/NF, and JP pharmacopoeial grades to ophthalmic manufacturers, nasal spray producers, and pharmaceutical formulators worldwide. Same parent (Novo Nordisk A/S) that makes Ozempic and Victoza also makes the preservative in most prescription eye drops.
Pilot Chemical (Mason Chemical) · Cincinnati, Hamilton County, Ohio · chemical_plant
Pilot Chemical HQ and primary production; additional quat manufacturing in Texas and New Jersey. Acquired Mason Chemical (Arlington Heights, IL) in January 2013, absorbing Mason's registered ADBAC EPA product lines (CSEBC-50, CSEBC-80, Nobac® BAC line). The Mason acquisition made Pilot the third US domestic ADBAC producer by EPA registration count.
Reliance Industries (LAB) · Patalganga, Raigad District, Maharashtra · chemical_plant
Reliance Industries LAB production; UOP HF-Alkylation technology with captive NP plant. One of two Reliance LAB sites (other: Vadodara Gujarat). Leverages Jamnagar refinery kerosene integration for feedstock cost advantage. 2024 LAB revenue ~$480M across both plants.
STERIS plc · Ohio · processing
STERIS global headquarters and primary US EtO sterilization operations in Mentor, Ohio; major contract EtO sterilization for medical device manufacturers; one of two leading contract EtO sterilizers in the US alongside Sterigenics/Sotera Health; also operates dedicated gamma irradiation facilities
Sasol · Lake Charles, Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana · chemical_plant
Sasol mothballed its LAB production unit at Lake Charles in Q2-Q3 2025 due to 'decline in competitiveness due to energy costs in Europe and market oversupply.' However, in March 2026, Strait of Hormuz supply disruption created conditions where Huntsman, CEPSA, and Sasol Gulf Coast units reportedly gained 'full pricing power' — suggesting possible recommissioning or partial restart. Sasol's Lake Charles Complex uses Fischer-Tropsch-derived normal paraffins as feedstock rather than refinery kerosene — a unique process advantage but higher capital cost.
Stepan Company · Fieldsboro, Burlington County, New Jersey · chemical_plant
Stepan's primary East Coast quat (BAC/BTC line) manufacturing site. Also produces surfactants and specialty chemicals. One of Stepan's three confirmed quat-capable US manufacturing sites alongside Millsdale IL and Winder GA. Stepan acquired NatSurFact's specialty antimicrobial division in July 2024 to expand BAC capabilities.
Stepan Company · Illinois · chemical-plant
Stepan Company's Millsdale Illinois plant (Will County, near Joliet) is Stepan's largest manufacturing site and a major SLES production facility. The Millsdale plant houses Stepan's sulfation/sulfonation capacity for anionic surfactants including SLES, linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), and alpha-olefin sulfonate (AOS). Stepan's Millsdale plant is the primary source of SLES for major US personal care and household products manufacturers. Source: https://www.stepan.com/content/stepan-com/global/en/about-us/locations.html
Stepan Company · Elwood (Millsdale), Illinois · surfactant manufacturing
Stepan's largest production facility; produces LAS, AOS, SLES and other anionic surfactants. 2025 expansion adding 25% AOS capacity. Also processes decocainized coca leaf extract under DEA Schedule II authorization — the only facility in the US authorized to import coca leaves, serving as the exclusive supplier of cocaine-free coca flavor to Coca-Cola Company.
Sterigenics (Sotera Health subsidiary) · Willowbrook, Illinois · processing_plant
Closed September 2019 after Illinois EPA revoked operating permit due to EtO emissions linked to elevated cancer risk in surrounding community; processed ~3 Mt of medical devices/yr; closure forced hospitals to extend device shelf life waivers and import devices from international sterilization sites
Galaxy Surfactants Ltd. · Maharashtra · chemical_plant
Flagship LABSA and surfactant production; part of 400,000 t/yr India capacity. Added 150,000 t/yr in 2024.
Tokuyama Corporation · Yamaguchi · manufacturing
Tokuyama Corporation's main production complex in Shunan City, Yamaguchi Prefecture; produces electronic-grade IPA (IPA SE) via proprietary direct hydration process (water + propylene, no sulfuric acid) achieving 99.99%+ purity. Tokuyama ships IPA SE to Japan, Taiwan, Singapore, and China. Same site produces polycrystalline silicon for solar and semiconductor wafers. Source: https://www.tokuyama.co.jp/eng/products/electronic_materials/ipa_se.html
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